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1. Science of Nutrition(0)

What is Nutrition
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Nutrients
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Macronutrients
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Micronutrients
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Fiber and Phytochemicals
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Energy in Food
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Nutrition as a Science
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Finding Credible Nutrition Information
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2. Tools for Healthful Eating(0)

Healthful Eating
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Three Guides to a Healthful Diet
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Dietary Guidelines for Americans
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Dietary Reference Intakes
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Food Labels
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3. The Human Body & Digestion(0)

Hunger, Satiety, and Hormones
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Overview of the Digestive System
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Organs of the Gastrointestinal Tract
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Accessory Organs
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Nutrient Absorption and Transport
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The Gut Microbiome
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Disorders of the Digestive System
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4. Carbohydrates(0)

Intro to Carbohydrates
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Simple vs Complex Carbohydrates
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Why Do We Need Carbohydrates?
(0)

Fiber
(0)

Carbohydrate Digestion
(0)

Dietary Guidelines for Carbohydrates
(0)

Alternative Sweeteners
(0)

Blood Glucose Regulation
(0)

Diabetes
(0)

5. Lipids(0)

Introduction to Lipids
(0)

Why Do We Need Lipids?
(0)

Fatty Acids
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Digestion of Fats
(0)

Dietary Guidelines for Lipids
(0)

Cardiovascular Disease
(0)

6. Proteins(0)

Introduction to Proteins
(0)

Protein Structure
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Protein Synthesis
(0)

Why Do We Need Protein?
(0)

Protein Digestion
(0)

Dietary Guidelines for Proteins
(0)

Protein-Related Disorders
(0)

7. Vitamins(0)

Introduction to Vitamins
(0)

Fat-Soluble Vitamins
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Water-Soluble Vitamins
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Dietary Guidelines for Vitamins
(0)

Other Vitamin-Like Nutrients
(0)

8. Water and Minerals(0)

Water
(0)

Introduction to Minerals
(0)

Major Mineral: Sodium and Potassium
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Hypertension and Minerals
(0)

Major Mineral: Calcium and Phosphorus
(0)

Osteoporosis: Minerals and Bone Health
(0)

Major Mineral: Chloride, Magnesium, & Sulfur
(0)

Trace Minerals: Iron and Copper
(0)

Trace Minerals: Fluoride and Iodine
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Other Trace Minerals
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9. Alcohol(0)

Alcohol Consumption
(0)

Alcohol Metabolism
(0)

Short-Term Effects of Alcohol
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Long-Term Effects of Alcohol
(0)

10. Energy Balance: Body Weight, Obesity, & Eating Disorders(0)

Healthy Weight
(0)

Energy Balance
(0)

Assessing Weight Related Health Risk
(0)

Factors That Influence Weight
(0)

Weight Loss
(0)

Maintaining Weight
(0)

Gaining Weight
(0)

Eating Disorders
(0)

11. Nutrition & Fitness(0)

Introduction to Physical Fitness
(0)

Exercise
(0)

Using Energy to Fuel Exercise
(0)

Nutrition & Physical Activity
(0)

Ergogenic Aids
(0)

12. Food Safety & Regulation(0)

Food Safety
(0)

Foodborne Pathogens
(0)

Foodborne Toxins
(0)

Food Preservation & Additives
(0)

U.S. Food Safety Systems
(0)

Natural, Organic, & Bioengineered Foods
(0)

13. Food Insecurity in the US and the World(0)

Food Insecurity
(0)

Global Food Insecurity
(0)

14. Nutrition: Pregnancy Through Infancy (0)

Preconception Nutrition
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Nutrition During Gestation
(0)

Potential Complications During Pregnancy
(0)

Breastfeeding
(0)

Nutritional Needs for Infants
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15. Nutrition: Toddlers to Late Adulthood(0)

Nutrition For Young Children (Ages 1-5)
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Nutrition For School-Age Children (Ages 6-11)
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Nutrition During Adolescence (Ages 12-19)
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Nutrition For Older Adults (Ages 50+)
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9. Alcohol

Short-Term Effects of Alcohol

9. Alcohol

Short-Term Effects of Alcohol: Videos & Practice Problems

Video Lessons Practice Worksheet

Back to all problems

4 of 0

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Problem 4Multiple Choice

A student drinks a single nightcap before bed and reports they fell asleep faster but woke up unrested and dreamy the next morning. Using the CNS depressant model, which explanation best synthesizes why this pattern occurs?

Ethanol selectively increases hippocampal memory consolidation during the first half of sleep cycles and then enhances muscle atonia in REM so sleep appears less restful due to stronger dream recall.

Alcohol acts mainly on the spinal cord to reduce sensory input, which initially helps sleep onset but causes increased nocturnal awakenings because peripheral nerves overcompensate for the loss of signal.

Ethanol initially damps excitatory signaling causing faster sleep onset, but it later disrupts REM-regulating neural circuitry, producing poorer REM sleep and nonrestorative sleep.

Alcohol induces a rebound increase in peripheral catecholamines during the night that amplifies breathing and deep-sleep phases, resulting in more REM but fragmented deep sleep.

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