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1. Science of Nutrition(0)

What is Nutrition
(0)

Nutrients
(0)

Macronutrients
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Micronutrients
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Fiber and Phytochemicals
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Energy in Food
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Nutrition as a Science
(0)

Finding Credible Nutrition Information
(0)

2. Tools for Healthful Eating(0)

Healthful Eating
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Three Guides to a Healthful Diet
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Dietary Guidelines for Americans
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Dietary Reference Intakes
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Food Labels
(0)

3. The Human Body & Digestion(0)

Hunger, Satiety, and Hormones
(0)

Overview of the Digestive System
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Organs of the Gastrointestinal Tract
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Accessory Organs
(0)

Nutrient Absorption and Transport
(0)

The Gut Microbiome
(0)

Disorders of the Digestive System
(0)

4. Carbohydrates(0)

Intro to Carbohydrates
(0)

Simple vs Complex Carbohydrates
(0)

Why Do We Need Carbohydrates?
(0)

Fiber
(0)

Carbohydrate Digestion
(0)

Dietary Guidelines for Carbohydrates
(0)

Alternative Sweeteners
(0)

Blood Glucose Regulation
(0)

Diabetes
(0)

5. Lipids(0)

Introduction to Lipids
(0)

Why Do We Need Lipids?
(0)

Fatty Acids
(0)

Digestion of Fats
(0)

Dietary Guidelines for Lipids
(0)

Cardiovascular Disease
(0)

6. Proteins(0)

Introduction to Proteins
(0)

Protein Structure
(0)

Protein Synthesis
(0)

Why Do We Need Protein?
(0)

Protein Digestion
(0)

Dietary Guidelines for Proteins
(0)

Protein-Related Disorders
(0)

7. Vitamins(0)

Introduction to Vitamins
(0)

Fat-Soluble Vitamins
(0)

Water-Soluble Vitamins
(0)

Dietary Guidelines for Vitamins
(0)

Other Vitamin-Like Nutrients
(0)

8. Water and Minerals(0)

Water
(0)

Introduction to Minerals
(0)

Major Mineral: Sodium and Potassium
(0)

Hypertension and Minerals
(0)

Major Mineral: Calcium and Phosphorus
(0)

Osteoporosis: Minerals and Bone Health
(0)

Major Mineral: Chloride, Magnesium, & Sulfur
(0)

Trace Minerals: Iron and Copper
(0)

Trace Minerals: Fluoride and Iodine
(0)

Other Trace Minerals
(0)

9. Alcohol(0)

Alcohol Consumption
(0)

Alcohol Metabolism
(0)

Short-Term Effects of Alcohol
(0)

Long-Term Effects of Alcohol
(0)

10. Energy Balance: Body Weight, Obesity, & Eating Disorders(0)

Healthy Weight
(0)

Energy Balance
(0)

Assessing Weight Related Health Risk
(0)

Factors That Influence Weight
(0)

Weight Loss
(0)

Maintaining Weight
(0)

Gaining Weight
(0)

Eating Disorders
(0)

11. Nutrition & Fitness(0)

Introduction to Physical Fitness
(0)

Exercise
(0)

Using Energy to Fuel Exercise
(0)

Nutrition & Physical Activity
(0)

Ergogenic Aids
(0)

12. Food Safety & Regulation(0)

Food Safety
(0)

Foodborne Pathogens
(0)

Foodborne Toxins
(0)

Food Preservation & Additives
(0)

U.S. Food Safety Systems
(0)

Natural, Organic, & Bioengineered Foods
(0)

13. Food Insecurity in the US and the World(0)

Food Insecurity
(0)

Global Food Insecurity
(0)

14. Nutrition: Pregnancy Through Infancy (0)

Preconception Nutrition
(0)

Nutrition During Gestation
(0)

Potential Complications During Pregnancy
(0)

Breastfeeding
(0)

Nutritional Needs for Infants
(0)

15. Nutrition: Toddlers to Late Adulthood(0)

Nutrition For Young Children (Ages 1-5)
(0)

Nutrition For School-Age Children (Ages 6-11)
(0)

Nutrition During Adolescence (Ages 12-19)
(0)

Nutrition For Older Adults (Ages 50+)
(0)

3. The Human Body & Digestion

Hunger, Satiety, and Hormones

3. The Human Body & Digestion

Hunger, Satiety, and Hormones: Videos & Practice Problems

Video Lessons Practice Worksheet

Back to all problems

31 of 0

Problem 31Multiple Choice

A patient with obesity has elevated circulating leptin, elevated insulin, suppressed ghrelin, but continues to overeat and gain weight. Which is the most plausible explanation and what intervention would you evaluate next?

The data indicate superior hypothalamic function and normal energy regulation; the overeating must be due to psychological factors only and endocrinology is irrelevant in this case.

An excess of ghrelin is the most likely cause because ghrelin is always elevated in obesity and cannot be suppressed by leptin or insulin, so treatment should focus solely on surgical removal of stomach ghrelin sources.

Elevated insulin in obesity indicates that satiety centers are hyperactive and the patient should be given high-carbohydrate diets to reduce insulin levels and thereby normalize appetite.

Leptin resistance (reduced hypothalamic responsiveness to leptin) is most plausible; evaluate hypothalamic leptin signaling or consider interventions that enhance leptin sensitivity such as weight loss, anti-inflammatory strategies, or investigating genetic causes.

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