Table of contents

Prepare for your exams

Upload your syllabus and get recommendations on what to study and when. No syllabus? Sharing your exam schedule works too.

Skip topic navigation

1. Science of Nutrition(0)

What is Nutrition
(0)

Nutrients
(0)

Macronutrients
(0)

Micronutrients
(0)

Fiber and Phytochemicals
(0)

Energy in Food
(0)

Nutrition as a Science
(0)

Finding Credible Nutrition Information
(0)

2. Tools for Healthful Eating(0)

Healthful Eating
(0)

Three Guides to a Healthful Diet
(0)

Dietary Guidelines for Americans
(0)

Dietary Reference Intakes
(0)

Food Labels
(0)

3. The Human Body & Digestion(0)

Hunger, Satiety, and Hormones
(0)

Overview of the Digestive System
(0)

Organs of the Gastrointestinal Tract
(0)

Accessory Organs
(0)

Nutrient Absorption and Transport
(0)

The Gut Microbiome
(0)

Disorders of the Digestive System
(0)

4. Carbohydrates(0)

Intro to Carbohydrates
(0)

Simple vs Complex Carbohydrates
(0)

Why Do We Need Carbohydrates?
(0)

Fiber
(0)

Carbohydrate Digestion
(0)

Dietary Guidelines for Carbohydrates
(0)

Alternative Sweeteners
(0)

Blood Glucose Regulation
(0)

Diabetes
(0)

5. Lipids(0)

Introduction to Lipids
(0)

Why Do We Need Lipids?
(0)

Fatty Acids
(0)

Digestion of Fats
(0)

Dietary Guidelines for Lipids
(0)

Cardiovascular Disease
(0)

6. Proteins(0)

Introduction to Proteins
(0)

Protein Structure
(0)

Protein Synthesis
(0)

Why Do We Need Protein?
(0)

Protein Digestion
(0)

Dietary Guidelines for Proteins
(0)

Protein-Related Disorders
(0)

7. Vitamins(0)

Introduction to Vitamins
(0)

Fat-Soluble Vitamins
(0)

Water-Soluble Vitamins
(0)

Dietary Guidelines for Vitamins
(0)

Other Vitamin-Like Nutrients
(0)

8. Water and Minerals(0)

Water
(0)

Introduction to Minerals
(0)

Major Mineral: Sodium and Potassium
(0)

Hypertension and Minerals
(0)

Major Mineral: Calcium and Phosphorus
(0)

Osteoporosis: Minerals and Bone Health
(0)

Major Mineral: Chloride, Magnesium, & Sulfur
(0)

Trace Minerals: Iron and Copper
(0)

Trace Minerals: Fluoride and Iodine
(0)

Other Trace Minerals
(0)

9. Alcohol(0)

Alcohol Consumption
(0)

Alcohol Metabolism
(0)

Short-Term Effects of Alcohol
(0)

Long-Term Effects of Alcohol
(0)

10. Energy Balance: Body Weight, Obesity, & Eating Disorders(0)

Healthy Weight
(0)

Energy Balance
(0)

Assessing Weight Related Health Risk
(0)

Factors That Influence Weight
(0)

Weight Loss
(0)

Maintaining Weight
(0)

Gaining Weight
(0)

Eating Disorders
(0)

11. Nutrition & Fitness(0)

Introduction to Physical Fitness
(0)

Exercise
(0)

Using Energy to Fuel Exercise
(0)

Nutrition & Physical Activity
(0)

Ergogenic Aids
(0)

12. Food Safety & Regulation(0)

Food Safety
(0)

Foodborne Pathogens
(0)

Foodborne Toxins
(0)

Food Preservation & Additives
(0)

U.S. Food Safety Systems
(0)

Natural, Organic, & Bioengineered Foods
(0)

13. Food Insecurity in the US and the World(0)

Food Insecurity
(0)

Global Food Insecurity
(0)

14. Nutrition: Pregnancy Through Infancy (0)

Preconception Nutrition
(0)

Nutrition During Gestation
(0)

Potential Complications During Pregnancy
(0)

Breastfeeding
(0)

Nutritional Needs for Infants
(0)

15. Nutrition: Toddlers to Late Adulthood(0)

Nutrition For Young Children (Ages 1-5)
(0)

Nutrition For School-Age Children (Ages 6-11)
(0)

Nutrition During Adolescence (Ages 12-19)
(0)

Nutrition For Older Adults (Ages 50+)
(0)

8. Water and Minerals

Major Mineral: Calcium and Phosphorus

8. Water and Minerals

Major Mineral: Calcium and Phosphorus: Videos & Practice Problems

Video Lessons Practice Worksheet

Back to all problems

23 of 0

PreviousNext

Problem 23Multiple Choice

In chronic kidney disease (CKD), patients often develop hyperphosphatemia. Critically evaluate why hyperphosphatemia in CKD increases risk of soft tissue calcification and how this relates to calcium homeostasis.

Hyperphosphatemia in CKD reduces serum calcium enough to dissolve existing bone hydroxyapatite and prevents any precipitation in soft tissues

High phosphate triggers adrenal-mediated release of cortisol, which directly deposits phosphate crystals in soft tissues independent of calcium or vitamin D

CKD increases urinary phosphate loss leading to compensatory intestinal phosphate overload that directly transforms soft tissue proteins into hydroxyapatite without involvement of calcium

Reduced renal phosphate excretion raises serum phosphate which can combine with calcium to form insoluble calcium-phosphate precipitates; additionally, disrupted vitamin D activation and secondary hyperparathyroidism alter calcium homeostasis, promoting ectopic deposition in soft tissues

0 Comments

Download the Mobile app

Accessibility

Privacy

Do not sell my personal information