Fat-Soluble Vitamins definitions Flashcards
Fat-Soluble Vitamins definitions
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Micelle Spherical structure formed by lipids in the intestine, enabling absorption of fat-soluble vitamins into enterocytes. Chylomicron Lipoprotein particle that transports absorbed fat-soluble vitamins from the intestine through the lymphatic system. Retinoid Animal-derived compounds, including retinol, that represent preformed, active forms of vitamin A. Carotenoid Plant-derived pigments, such as beta-carotene, that serve as provitamin A and must be converted to active forms in the body. Retinol Most usable form of vitamin A in the body, essential for vision and cellular functions. Calcitriol Active hormone form of vitamin D, produced after conversion in the liver and kidney, crucial for calcium regulation. Alpha Tocopherol Main and most active form of vitamin E in the body, functioning as a powerful antioxidant. Phylloquinone Primary form of vitamin K found in plants, especially green leafy vegetables, and major dietary source. Menaquinone Form of vitamin K found in animal products and synthesized by gut bacteria, contributing to vitamin K status. Osteocalcin Bone protein that binds calcium, a process enabled by vitamin K, supporting bone strength. Antioxidant Molecule that protects cell membranes from damage by neutralizing free radicals, a key function of vitamin E. Lacteal Lymphatic vessel in the intestinal villi that absorbs chylomicrons containing fat-soluble vitamins. Toxicity Harmful condition resulting from excessive accumulation of fat-soluble vitamins due to their storage in tissues. Night Blindness Vision impairment in low light, often resulting from vitamin A deficiency. Osteomalacia Adult bone disorder characterized by soft, weak bones, commonly linked to vitamin D deficiency.
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