Introduction to Minerals definitions Flashcards
Introduction to Minerals definitions
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Mineral Essential inorganic micronutrient, found as a chemical element on the periodic table, required for various physiological functions. Major Mineral Type of inorganic nutrient needed in amounts greater than 100 milligrams daily, includes elements like sodium and calcium. Trace Mineral Type of inorganic nutrient required in amounts less than 100 milligrams daily, includes elements like iron and zinc. Micronutrient Nutrient required in small quantities for health, includes both vitamins and minerals, essential for body processes. Electrolyte Mineral that dissolves in water to form ions, crucial for water balance and electrical signaling in nerves and muscles. Ion Electrically charged atom resulting from a gain or loss of electrons, vital for transmitting electrical signals in the body. Sodium Major mineral and key electrolyte, essential for water balance and nerve and muscle function. Potassium Major mineral and primary intracellular electrolyte, important for nerve impulses and muscle contraction. Calcium Major mineral with a structural role in bones and teeth, also involved in muscle function and signaling. Phosphorus Major mineral, component of bones and teeth, also part of energy molecules like ATP. Chloride Major mineral and electrolyte, helps maintain fluid balance and is part of stomach acid. Magnesium Major mineral, acts as a cofactor for many enzymes and supports muscle and nerve function. Sulfur Major mineral, component of certain amino acids and vitamins, important for protein structure. Enzyme Cofactor Non-protein chemical, often a mineral, required for enzyme activity and metabolic reactions. Water Balance Regulation of body fluids, maintained by electrolytes like sodium and potassium, essential for cellular function.
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