Major Mineral: Sodium and Potassium definitions Flashcards
Major Mineral: Sodium and Potassium definitions
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Sodium Major extracellular electrolyte crucial for fluid balance, nerve signaling, and muscle function; commonly found in table salt and processed foods. Potassium Major intracellular electrolyte essential for heart rhythm, nerve impulses, and muscle contractions; abundant in fruits and vegetables. Electrolyte Charged mineral particle in body fluids that regulates fluid balance and electrical activity in cells. Extracellular Fluid Fluid outside cells, including blood and interstitial fluid, where sodium concentration is highest. Intracellular Fluid Fluid within cells, characterized by high potassium concentration and low sodium levels. Osmosis Movement of water across cell membranes driven by electrolyte concentration differences, especially sodium. Hyponatremia Condition of abnormally low sodium in blood, often resulting from overhydration and leading to dangerous water imbalance. Hypernatremia Condition of excess sodium in blood, increasing risk for hypertension and tissue swelling. Hypertension Chronic high blood pressure, often linked to excess sodium intake and a major risk factor for heart disease. Edema Swelling of tissues due to fluid accumulation, commonly associated with sodium imbalance. Hypokalemia Deficiency of potassium in blood, potentially causing muscle weakness and fatigue, often due to vomiting or diarrhea. Hyperkalemia Excess potassium in blood, usually from supplements, which can result in irregular heartbeat. Table Salt Common dietary source of sodium, chemically known as sodium chloride, frequently added to foods. Processed Foods Foods with added sodium for flavor and preservation, major contributors to dietary sodium intake. Salt Substitute Product replacing some sodium with potassium, used to lower sodium intake but can cause excess potassium if overused.
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