Water-Soluble Vitamins definitions Flashcards
Water-Soluble Vitamins definitions
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Water-Soluble Vitamins Group of micronutrients that dissolve in water, are easily absorbed and excreted, and are not effectively stored in the body. B Vitamins Eight essential micronutrients functioning mainly as coenzymes, each with unique roles in metabolism and health. Coenzyme Vitamin-derived molecule required to activate certain enzymes, enabling metabolic reactions in the body. Thiamine Also known as vitamin B1, crucial for carbohydrate metabolism and nerve impulse transmission; deficiency leads to beriberi. Riboflavin Also called vitamin B2, necessary for energy production and formation of FAD, a coenzyme in cellular respiration. Niacin Known as vitamin B3, forms NAD+ and NADP+ for energy metabolism; deficiency causes pellagra. Pantothenic Acid Vitamin B5, component of coenzyme A, essential for fatty acid synthesis and metabolism of macronutrients. Pyridoxine Vitamin B6, vital for protein metabolism, hemoglobin synthesis, and building nonessential amino acids. Biotin Vitamin B7, a single-compound coenzyme involved in metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Folate Naturally occurring vitamin B9, essential for DNA synthesis and fetal neural tube development; deficiency causes macrocytic anemia. Folic Acid Synthetic form of vitamin B9 found in supplements and fortified foods, important for pregnancy and cell division. Cobalamin Vitamin B12, required for red blood cell production and DNA synthesis; uniquely stored in the liver and mainly found in animal products. Ascorbic Acid Vitamin C, a coenzyme and antioxidant needed for collagen synthesis, iron absorption, and immune function. Beriberi Disease resulting from thiamine deficiency, affecting cardiovascular or nervous systems. Pellagra Condition caused by niacin deficiency, marked by dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, and potentially death. Scurvy Disease from vitamin C deficiency, characterized by bleeding gums, poor wound healing, and skin issues.
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