Question 1

Which of the following is a potential health risk associated with excessive protein intake?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of kidney stones and osteoporosis

Question 2

A patient presents with night blindness and permanent damage to the cornea. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the main difference between heme and nonheme iron?

Accepted Answer

Heme iron is found in animal foods and is more easily absorbed than nonheme iron from plant foods.

Question 4

A vegan is at increased risk for which of the following nutrient deficiencies if their diet is not carefully planned?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 5

Which of the following minerals is most directly involved in muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 6

A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with confusion, difficulty walking, and tingling in the hands and feet. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Thiamin (Vitamin B1)

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why vitamin C deficiency can affect the entire body?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C is required for collagen synthesis, which is essential for many tissues.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of phytochemicals found in fruits and vegetables?

Accepted Answer

They act as antioxidants and may reduce disease risk.

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with macrocytic anemia and neurological symptoms. Laboratory tests reveal a lack of intrinsic factor. Which vitamin should be administered?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of sodium in the body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of fluid balance and transport of substances across cell membranes

Question 11

A child presents with bowed legs and weak bones. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 12

Which of the following is a symptom of pellagra, a disease caused by niacin deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Acts as a solvent, transport medium, and helps regulate body temperature

Question 14

Which of the following minerals is a component of hydroxyapatite, the main structural element in bones and teeth?

Accepted Answer

Calcium and phosphorus

Question 15

A person consumes a diet high in processed foods and develops hypertension. Which mineral is most likely consumed in excess?

Accepted Answer

Sodium

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the absorption and metabolism of alcohol in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol is absorbed in the stomach and small intestine, then metabolized in the liver by enzymes.

Question 17

Which of the following vitamins or minerals acts as an antioxidant in the body?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin E

Question 18

A patient presents with muscle weakness, fatigue, and in rare cases, paralysis. Which mineral deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Potassium

Question 19

Which of the following strategies best preserves the vitamin and mineral content of vegetables during cooking?

Accepted Answer

Use minimal liquid and reduce cooking time

Question 20

A patient has a diet low in zinc. Which of the following symptoms might they experience?

Accepted Answer

Impaired taste, hair loss, and delayed wound healing

BIO 155 Nutrition Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards