Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why water-soluble fibers are beneficial for cardiovascular health?

Accepted Answer

They help lower serum cholesterol by binding bile acids and slowing glucose absorption.

Question 2

A patient following a ketogenic diet consumes less than 50 grams of carbohydrates per day. Which metabolic process is most likely to occur, and what is a common side effect?

Accepted Answer

Ketosis; bad breath due to increased ketone bodies

Question 3

Which of the following combinations correctly matches a disaccharide with its monosaccharide components?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose: Glucose + Fructose

Question 4

A 70 kg adult requires protein based on the recommended intake. Calculate the minimum daily protein requirement using the formula $$	ext{Protein (g)} = 0.8 	imes 	ext{weight (kg)}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$56$$ grams

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of insulin in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It helps glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids enter cells and promotes fat storage.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct statement about essential fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is an omega-3 fatty acid found in walnuts and flaxseed.

Question 7

A patient with uncontrolled diabetes is at increased risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Heart attack, nerve damage, and kidney failure

Question 8

Which of the following statements about protein digestion is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach denatures proteins, allowing pepsin to break peptide bonds.

Question 9

Which of the following dietary patterns is most likely to result in deficiencies of vitamin B12, iron, and calcium if not carefully planned?

Accepted Answer

Vegan

Question 10

Which of the following statements about hydrogenation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogenation produces trans fats, which can raise LDL and lower HDL cholesterol.

Question 11

A person consumes a diet high in saturated fat and low in fiber. Which of the following health outcomes is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Increased LDL cholesterol and higher risk of atherosclerosis

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic of a complete protein?

Accepted Answer

It contains all essential amino acids in adequate amounts.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of deamination?

Accepted Answer

The removal of the amine group from an amino acid before it can be used for energy or stored as fat.

Question 14

A person experiences shakiness, light-headedness, and hunger after intense exercise without eating enough carbohydrates. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Hypoglycemia due to low blood glucose

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in the body?

Accepted Answer

They form cell membranes and help emulsify fats.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why fruits are not a good source of protein for vegans?

Accepted Answer

Fruits contain negligible amounts of protein compared to vegetables, legumes, and grains.

Question 17

A person is in nitrogen balance. Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen intake equals nitrogen excretion, indicating protein needs are met.

Question 18

Which of the following is a health benefit of omega-3 fatty acids such as DHA and EPA?

Accepted Answer

They decrease heart disease risk and may help with depression.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about glycogen is correct?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles of animals and humans.

Question 20

A person consumes 200 grams of carbohydrates, 70 grams of protein, and 80 grams of fat in one day. Calculate the total caloric intake using the following values: $$4 	ext{ kcal/g}$$ for carbohydrates and protein, $$9 	ext{ kcal/g}$$ for fat.

Accepted Answer

$$2,090$$ kcal

Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins: Core Concepts for Nutrition Students

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