Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids and glycerol.

Question 2

A patient with lactose intolerance experiences gastrointestinal discomfort after consuming dairy products. Which dietary strategy would best help manage their symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Consume lactose-free dairy products or use lactase enzyme supplements.

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose levels after a carbohydrate-rich meal?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 4

Which of the following is a polysaccharide found in plants and is the main storage form of carbohydrate in the human diet?

Accepted Answer

Starch

Question 5

A food has a high glycemic index (GI). What does this indicate about its effect on blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

It causes a rapid and significant increase in blood glucose.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids contain only single bonds between carbon atoms, making them solid at room temperature; unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds, making them liquid at room temperature.

Question 7

Which lipoprotein is primarily responsible for transporting cholesterol from the liver to body tissues and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease when elevated?

Accepted Answer

LDL

Question 8

What is the recommended dietary fiber intake for adults per day?

Accepted Answer

$$25 to$$ $$38$$ grams

Question 9

Which of the following statements about protein structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

The primary structure of a protein refers to the sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Question 10

Which process describes the removal of an amino group from an amino acid, producing ammonia and a keto acid?

Accepted Answer

Deamination

Question 11

A vegetarian combines rice and beans in a meal. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Complementary proteins to provide all essential amino acids

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of dietary fiber in the body?

Accepted Answer

It increases stool bulk and helps regulate bowel movements.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of chylomicrons in lipid transport?

Accepted Answer

They transport dietary lipids from the intestine to other tissues via the lymphatic system.

Question 14

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

Linoleic acid

Question 15

A person consumes more protein than their body needs. What is the fate of the excess protein?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to fat after deamination and stored in adipose tissue.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of insulin?

Accepted Answer

Promotes the uptake of glucose by cells, lowering blood glucose.

Question 17

Which of the following is a non-nutritive sweetener, and what is a key reason for its use?

Accepted Answer

Aspartame; it provides sweetness with minimal or no calories.

Question 18

Which of the following is a major negative health effect associated with excessive added sugar intake?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of dental caries, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.

Question 19

Which special element is found in proteins but not in carbohydrates or fats?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen

Question 20

A person is following a Mediterranean diet. Which of the following is most characteristic of this dietary pattern?

Accepted Answer

Emphasis on olive oil, nuts, fruits, vegetables, and moderate fish consumption.

Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins: Core Concepts for Nutrition Students (Chapters 4, 5, 6)

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