Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the energy density of macronutrients?

$$4\ \text{kcal/g}$$ for carbohydrates, $$9\ \text{kcal/g}$$ for fats, $$4\ \text{kcal/g}$$ for proteins

Question 1

Which of the following is the main energy source for the human brain under normal dietary conditions?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with diverticulosis. Which dietary recommendation would best help prevent complications from this condition?

Accepted Answer

Increase intake of dietary fiber

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the glycemic index (GI)?

Accepted Answer

A measure of how quickly a food raises blood glucose levels compared to pure glucose

Question 4

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down starch into maltose in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic amylase

Question 5

Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 6

A person consumes a meal high in simple sugars. Which of the following is most likely to occur regarding their blood glucose and insulin levels?

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose rises rapidly, stimulating insulin release

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a part of a whole grain?

Accepted Answer

Husk

Question 8

Which of the following is the number one source of added sugar in the average American diet?

Accepted Answer

Sugar-sweetened beverages

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

A molecule consisting of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone

Question 10

Which of the following fats is considered 'unhealthy' due to its association with increased LDL cholesterol and heart disease risk?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fat

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in the body?

Accepted Answer

Forming cell membranes

Question 12

Which of the following statements about cholesterol is correct?

Accepted Answer

LDL cholesterol is considered 'bad' because it can deposit in artery walls

Question 13

Which of the following best describes gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources

Question 14

Which of the following sets amino acids apart from other macronutrients?

Accepted Answer

The presence of a unique side chain (R group)

Question 15

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for protein digestion in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin

Question 16

A vegan athlete wants to ensure they consume all essential amino acids. Which strategy would best help them achieve this?

Accepted Answer

Combine complementary plant-based protein sources, such as rice and beans

Question 17

Which of the following is a health risk associated with excessive protein intake over time?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of kidney damage

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the energy density of macronutrients?

Accepted Answer

$$4\ 	ext{kcal/g}$$ for carbohydrates, $$9\ 	ext{kcal/g}$$ for fats, $$4\ 	ext{kcal/g}$$ for proteins

Question 19

Which of the following best describes transamination?

Accepted Answer

The transfer of an amino group from one amino acid to a keto acid

Question 20

A patient with type 2 diabetes is advised to increase physical activity. Which of the following best explains why this is beneficial for blood glucose control?

Accepted Answer

Physical activity increases insulin sensitivity, allowing cells to use glucose more effectively

Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins: Key Concepts for Nutrition Exam 2

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