Q: A food has a glycemic index (GI) of 70 and contains 30 grams of carbohydrate per serving. What is its glycemic load (GL)? Use the formula: $$GL = \frac{GI \times \text{carbohydrate (g)}}{100}$$

$$GL = \frac{70 \times 30}{100} = 21$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between amylose and amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Amylose is a straight-chain polysaccharide, while amylopectin is a branched polysaccharide.

Question 2

A patient with lactose intolerance is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms after consuming dairy products?

Accepted Answer

Nausea, cramps, bloating, and diarrhea

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose levels after a carbohydrate-rich meal?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why soluble fiber can help lower blood cholesterol levels?

Accepted Answer

Soluble fiber interferes with the reabsorption of bile acids, leading to increased excretion of cholesterol.

Question 5

A food has a glycemic index (GI) of 70 and contains 30 grams of carbohydrate per serving. What is its glycemic load (GL)?

Use the formula: $$GL = \frac{GI 	imes 	ext{carbohydrate (g)}}{100}$$

Accepted Answer

$$GL = \frac{70 	imes 30}{100} = 21$$

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Serving as the main structural component of cell membranes

Question 7

Which of the following foods is most likely to have a low glycemic response and help improve aspects of health?

Accepted Answer

Corn tortilla

Question 8

Which of the following statements about dietary fiber is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Fiber helps prevent constipation by increasing stool bulk and reducing transit time.

Question 9

A person consumes 2,500 kilocalories per day. According to the DRI, what is the minimum recommended daily intake of carbohydrates for this individual?

Accepted Answer

130 grams

Question 10

Which of the following sugar substitutes should be avoided by individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Accepted Answer

Aspartame

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids

Question 12

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of Type 1 diabetes compared to Type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease resulting in no insulin production.

Question 13

Which of the following is a health risk associated with excessive intake of added sugars?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of dental caries

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why whole fruits are a better source of carbohydrates than candy made from fruit flavors?

Accepted Answer

Whole fruits provide fiber, vitamins, and minerals, while candy provides mostly empty calories.

Question 15

A patient presents with fasting blood glucose of 115 mg/dL and an A1C of 6.0%. According to diagnostic criteria, what is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Prediabetes

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of insoluble fiber?

Accepted Answer

It increases stool bulk and relieves constipation.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the fate of excess glucose in the body?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to glycogen and, when glycogen stores are full, to fat for storage.

Question 18

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for preventing Type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Engaging in regular physical activity and maintaining a healthy weight

Question 19

Which of the following statements about glycogen is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles of animals.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of glucagon in blood glucose regulation?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.

Carbohydrates: Structure, Function, Digestion, and Health Implications

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