$$60 \times 4 = 240\ \mathrm{kcal}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary classification of carbohydrates based on their chemical structure?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Question 2

During carbohydrate digestion, which enzyme is primarily responsible for breaking down starch in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of sucrose during digestion?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11} + H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}$$O_6 + C_6H$$_{12}$$O_6$$}$

Question 4

Which hormone is released in response to high blood glucose levels and promotes glucose uptake by cells?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 5

A patient with lactose intolerance lacks which digestive enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Lactase

Question 6

Which of the following is a primary function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy for cellular processes

Question 7

Which process describes the conversion of non-carbohydrate sources into glucose?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why dietary fiber is important for promoting health?

Accepted Answer

It helps regulate bowel movements and may lower cholesterol levels.

Question 9

If a meal contains 60 grams of carbohydrates, how many kilocalories does this provide? (Use $$4\ \mathrm{kcal/g}$$ for carbohydrates.)

Accepted Answer

$$60 	imes 4 = 240\ \mathrm{kcal}$$

Question 10

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the role of glucagon in blood glucose regulation?

Accepted Answer

After fasting overnight, glucagon stimulates the liver to release glucose into the blood.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the risk of constipation

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the fate of excess glucose in the body?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to glycogen or fat for storage.

Question 13

Which equation represents the process of glycogenolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{(C_6H_{10}O_5$)_n + n\ H_2O \rightarrow n\ C_6H_{12}O_6$}$$

Question 14

A person consumes a meal high in fiber. Which of the following is a likely physiological effect?

Accepted Answer

Slower rise in postprandial blood glucose levels

Question 15

Which of the following statements about monosaccharides is correct?

Accepted Answer

Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all monosaccharides.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why carbohydrates are considered a preferred energy source for the brain?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is the only energy source that can cross the blood-brain barrier efficiently.

Chapter 4: Carbohydrates – Structure, Digestion, Functions, and Health

Study Guide - Practice Questions