Q: Which equation correctly represents the calculation for the percentage of calories from carbohydrates in a diet?

$$ \text{Carbohydrate Calories} = \text{grams of carbohydrate} \times 4 $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

To serve as the main source of energy for cellular activities

Question 2

Which monosaccharide is most abundant in the bloodstream and is the primary fuel for the brain?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 3

High fructose corn syrup is commonly used in processed foods. Which health effect is most strongly associated with excessive consumption of high fructose corn syrup?

Accepted Answer

Elevated blood glucose and risk of metabolic syndrome

Question 4

Which combination of monosaccharides forms lactose?

Accepted Answer

Glucose + Galactose

Question 5

A patient presents with bloating, diarrhea, and abdominal pain after consuming dairy products. Which enzyme deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Lactase

Question 6

Aspartame is an alternative sweetener. Which genetic disorder requires individuals to avoid aspartame?

Accepted Answer

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 7

Which polysaccharide is the primary storage form of carbohydrate in animals, and where is it mainly stored?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen; liver and muscle

Question 8

Which of the following is a benefit of dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

Promotes bowel regularity and reduces risk of colon cancer

Question 9

Where does most carbohydrate absorption occur in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 10

Which hormone is released from the pancreas in response to elevated blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 11

A patient with Type 1 diabetes is unable to produce which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 12

The glycemic index (GI) is used to:

Accepted Answer

Estimate how quickly a food raises blood glucose levels

Question 13

Which equation correctly represents the calculation for the percentage of calories from carbohydrates in a diet?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Carbohydrate Calories} = 	ext{grams of carbohydrate} 	imes 4 $$

Question 14

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

Omega-3

Question 15

Trans fats are produced by which process?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogenation

Question 16

Which lipid is a major component of cell membranes and acts as an emulsifier in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid

Question 17

Where does lipid digestion primarily begin?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 18

Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. What is its main function in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Emulsifies fats to aid in their digestion

Question 19

After absorption, chylomicrons initially travel through which system before entering the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic system

Question 20

Which lipoprotein is considered 'good cholesterol' and helps remove cholesterol from tissues?

Accepted Answer

HDL

Comprehensive Study Guide: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Enzymes, Vitamins, and Minerals

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