Q: Which of the following equations best represents the hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by digestive enzymes?

$\text{Substrate} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \xrightarrow{\text{Enzyme}} \text{Products}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of absorption in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

The movement of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract into the circulatory system.

Question 2

A patient is unable to properly digest fats due to a lack of bile. Which accessory organ is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 3

Which of the following mechanisms requires energy to move nutrients across the intestinal wall?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 4

What is the primary function of the villi in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for absorption

Question 5

Which hormone stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate into the small intestine, raising the pH?

Accepted Answer

Secretin

Question 6

A person consumes a meal high in fat. Which hormone is most responsible for stimulating the release of bile and pancreatic lipase?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why enzyme activity in the digestive tract can be halted if the temperature is too high?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are denatured at high temperatures, losing their functional shape.

Question 8

Which of the following nutrients is absorbed into the lymphatic system rather than directly into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Long-chain fatty acids

Question 9

A patient has a blockage at the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Food will not be able to enter the stomach from the esophagus.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

The squeezing of food forward through the GI tract by muscular contractions.

Question 11

Which of the following equations best represents the hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by digestive enzymes?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Substrate} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} \xrightarrow{	ext{Enzyme}} 	ext{Products}$

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of water and some vitamins

Question 13

A patient is found to have a deficiency in vitamin K. Which of the following is a likely explanation based on digestive physiology?

Accepted Answer

Reduced bacterial activity in the large intestine

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the hepatic portal vein?

Accepted Answer

It transports water-soluble nutrients from the GI tract to the liver.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for optimal enzyme activity in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

High concentration of bile salts

Question 16

A person is experiencing slow gastric motility and reduced stomach secretions. Which hormone is most likely elevated?

Accepted Answer

Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why segmentation in the intestines is important for digestion?

Accepted Answer

It increases contact of food with the intestinal wall, enhancing absorption.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct match between a digestive hormone and its primary action?

Accepted Answer

Secretin: Stimulates release of bicarbonate from the pancreas

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of elimination in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

The excretion of undigested and unabsorbed food through feces

Question 20

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of carrier proteins in the intestinal wall. Which absorption mechanism would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport: Processes and Organs in Human Nutrition

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