Question 1

Which of the following correctly describes the sequence of digestion for carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with salivary amylase, pauses in the stomach, resumes in the small intestine with pancreatic amylase, and finishes with brush border enzymes.

Question 2

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the release of pancreatic enzymes into the small intestine during digestion?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 3

Which enzyme is responsible for initiating protein digestion in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin

Question 4

What are the main end products of lipid digestion that are absorbed by the intestinal cells?

Accepted Answer

Monoglycerides and free fatty acids

Question 5

After absorption, which pathway do most amino acids take to reach the liver?

Accepted Answer

They are transported directly into the portal vein.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the fate of glucose after absorption in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

It enters the portal circulation and is transported to the liver.

Question 7

A patient with a deficiency in pancreatic lipase would most likely have difficulty digesting which macronutrient, and what would be the expected consequence?

Accepted Answer

Lipids; steatorrhea (fatty stools)

Question 8

Which hormone is released in response to acidic chyme entering the small intestine and stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate-rich fluid?

Accepted Answer

Secretin

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an end product of protein digestion?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides

Question 10

A person consumes a meal high in triglycerides. Which sequence correctly describes the digestion and absorption pathway for these lipids?

Accepted Answer

Emulsification by bile, hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase, formation of micelles, absorption as monoglycerides and fatty acids, re-esterification and packaging into chylomicrons

Question 11

Which enzyme is responsible for the final step in carbohydrate digestion at the brush border of the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Sucrase

Question 12

If a person has a genetic deficiency in lactase, which of the following symptoms would most likely occur after consuming dairy products?

Accepted Answer

Bloating and diarrhea

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why fats are absorbed into the lymphatic system rather than directly into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Fats are too large to enter capillaries directly and are packaged into chylomicrons, which enter the lacteals of the lymphatic system.

Question 14

Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of a triglyceride during digestion?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Triglyceride} + 3\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{Glycerol} + 3\ \mathrm{Fatty\ acids}$$

Question 15

Which hormone increases gastric motility and stimulates the secretion of gastric acid?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Question 16

A patient with a blocked common bile duct would have the most difficulty digesting which macronutrient, and why?

Accepted Answer

Lipids, because bile emulsifies fats to aid lipase action

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct fate of absorbed amino acids in the liver?

Accepted Answer

They are converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis.

Question 18

Which enzyme is responsible for the majority of starch digestion in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic amylase

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the fate of chylomicrons after they are formed in the intestinal cells?

Accepted Answer

They enter the lymphatic system and eventually reach the bloodstream via the thoracic duct.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for protein digestion and absorption?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation by stomach acid, hydrolysis by pepsin, further breakdown by pancreatic proteases, absorption as amino acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides

Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Lipids

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