Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation for the percentage of a nutrient absorbed if 92 grams are absorbed out of 100 grams consumed?

$$\text{Absorption \%} = \frac{92}{100} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of peristalsis in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

To move food through the gastrointestinal tract via wavelike muscular contractions

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of bloating, diarrhea, and abdominal cramping after consuming dairy products. Which enzyme deficiency is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Lactase

Question 3

Which of the following nutrients is primarily absorbed into the lymphatic system rather than directly into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids

Question 4

What is the main role of bile in the digestive process?

Accepted Answer

To emulsify fats, increasing their surface area for enzyme action

Question 5

A meal high in dietary fibre will most likely have which effect on the digestive process?

Accepted Answer

Increase the bulk of stool and speed up passage through the colon

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the small intestine has such a large surface area for absorption?

Accepted Answer

It is lined with villi and microvilli that increase the absorptive surface

Question 7

A person with diverticulosis is advised to increase their dietary fibre intake. What is the physiological reason for this recommendation?

Accepted Answer

Fibre increases fecal mass, stimulating muscle contractions that strengthen the intestinal wall

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation for the percentage of a nutrient absorbed if 92 grams are absorbed out of 100 grams consumed?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Absorption \%} = \frac{92}{100} 	imes 100$$

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Site of most nutrient absorption

Question 10

A patient is experiencing heartburn and is advised to avoid fatty foods, coffee, and citrus fruits. What is the physiological basis for this recommendation?

Accepted Answer

These foods can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, increasing reflux of stomach acid

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the fate of dietary fibre in the human digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

It passes largely unchanged through the digestive tract, providing bulk

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the renewal of body tissues is correct?

Accepted Answer

Intestinal tract lining cells are replaced every 3 days

Question 13

Which of the following is a common cause of diarrhea in children worldwide, and what is a recommended initial treatment?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial or viral contamination; oral rehydration fluid

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why yogurt is often better tolerated than milk in individuals with lactose intolerance?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria used to culture yogurt digest much of the lactose

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the passage of food through the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Mouth → Esophagus → Stomach → Small intestine → Large intestine → Rectum → Anus

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the pancreas in digestion?

Accepted Answer

It secretes enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, and releases bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid

Question 17

A person consumes a meal containing 60g of carbohydrate, 20g of protein, and 10g of fat. If 99% of carbohydrate, 92% of protein, and 95% of fat are absorbed, how many grams of each macronutrient are absorbed? (Select the correct calculation)

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Carbohydrate: } 60 	imes 0.99 = 59.4	ext{g},\ 	ext{Protein: } 20 	imes 0.92 = 18.4	ext{g},\ 	ext{Fat: } 10 	imes 0.95 = 9.5	ext{g}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a primary function of the mucus secreted by epithelial cells in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

To protect the stomach lining from hydrochloric acid

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why sugary beverages should be avoided during diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

They draw fluid into the intestinal tract, worsening dehydration

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the absorption of nutrients is correct?

Accepted Answer

Most absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine due to its large surface area

Digestion and Absorption: Structure, Function, and Disorders

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