Q: A 70 kg male has approximately 60% of his body weight as water. Calculate the total body water in liters for this individual. $$1 \text{ kg} = 1 \text{ L}$$

$$70 \times 0.60 = 42 \text{ L}$$

Q: Calculate the amount of sodium (in grams) consumed if a person eats 2,500 mg of sodium in a day. $$1 \text{ g} = 1,000 \text{ mg}$$

$$2,500 \div 1,000 = 2.5 \text{ g}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Accepted Answer

ICF is the fluid within cells, while ECF includes interstitial fluid and plasma found outside the cells.

Question 2

A 70 kg male has approximately 60% of his body weight as water. Calculate the total body water in liters for this individual. $$1 	ext{ kg} = 1 	ext{ L}$$

Accepted Answer

$$70 	imes 0.60 = 42 	ext{ L}$$

Question 3

Which tissue type contains the highest percentage of water by weight?

Accepted Answer

Muscle tissue

Question 4

Why do males generally have a higher percentage of body water compared to females?

Accepted Answer

Males have more lean muscle mass, which contains more water.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water is considered the universal solvent in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar, allowing it to dissolve a wide variety of solutes including electrolytes.

Question 6

What is the primary function of electrolytes in nerve impulse conduction?

Accepted Answer

They maintain the resting membrane potential and allow depolarization and repolarization.

Question 7

A patient is experiencing confusion and lethargy due to low blood pressure. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Decreased blood volume

Question 8

Which process describes the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane toward a higher solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 9

Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus to reduce water output by the kidneys during dehydration?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 10

A person consumes a diet high in sodium and low in potassium. What health risk is most likely to increase?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension

Question 11

Calculate the amount of sodium (in grams) consumed if a person eats 2,500 mg of sodium in a day. $$1 	ext{ g} = 1,000 	ext{ mg}$$

Accepted Answer

$$2,500 \div 1,000 = 2.5 	ext{ g}$$

Question 12

Which of the following foods is most likely to be high in potassium?

Accepted Answer

Fresh banana

Question 13

A patient with kidney disease is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance that can lead to cardiac arrest?

Accepted Answer

Hyperkalemia

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of chloride in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Assists in the immune response and is a component of stomach acid

Question 15

Which mineral is a major component of ATP and is essential for DNA and RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus

Question 16

A person is sweating heavily during exercise in hot weather. Which of the following is the most important reason to replenish fluids and electrolytes?

Accepted Answer

To maintain blood volume and prevent dehydration

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the Na-K pump in cells?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell, maintaining electrolyte balance.

Question 18

A patient presents with headaches, dizziness, and nausea after running a marathon and drinking only water. What is the most likely electrolyte imbalance?

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia

Question 19

Which of the following scenarios would most likely increase a person's daily fluid requirements?

Accepted Answer

Engaging in intense physical activity in a hot climate

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why blood pressure increases with increased blood volume?

Accepted Answer

More fluid is pressed against the walls of the arteries, increasing pressure.

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Foundations for Nutrition

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