Q: A 45-year-old male consumes 350 mg of magnesium per day. The RDA for males is 420 mg/day. What percentage of the RDA is he meeting? Use the formula $$\text{Percentage} = \frac{\text{Intake}}{\text{RDA}} \times 100.$$

$$\frac{350}{420} \times 100 = 83.3\%$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why minerals are considered inorganic nutrients?

Accepted Answer

They do not contain carbon and retain their chemical identity even when combined with other elements.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which combination of factors most likely contributed to their condition?

Accepted Answer

Low calcium and vitamin D intake, sedentary lifestyle, and post-menopausal status.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the effect of phytates, tannins, and oxalates on mineral absorption?

Accepted Answer

They inhibit the absorption of certain minerals by binding to them in the digestive tract.

Question 4

A 35-year-old woman consumes 1000 mg of calcium daily, mostly from milk. If the bioavailability of calcium from milk is 25%, how much calcium does she actually absorb per day? Use the formula $$	ext{Absorbed Calcium} = 	ext{Intake} 	imes 	ext{Bioavailability}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$1000 	imes 0.25 = 250 mg$$

Question 5

Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood calcium levels when they become too high?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of magnesium in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Primary component of hemoglobin

Question 7

A patient presents with muscle weakness, irritability, and abnormal heartbeat. Their diet is low in leafy greens, nuts, and whole grains. Which mineral deficiency is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Magnesium

Question 8

Which of the following dietary patterns would most likely increase the risk of osteoporosis later in life?

Accepted Answer

Low intake of calcium and vitamin D, high sodium and protein intake, and sedentary lifestyle

Question 9

Which mineral is most abundant in the human body and is primarily found in bones and teeth?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 10

A food processing company removes the bran from whole grains during production. Which mineral is most likely to be reduced in the final product?

Accepted Answer

Magnesium

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why phosphorus toxicity is rare but can still lead to bone issues?

Accepted Answer

High phosphorus intake can stimulate bone resorption, leading to weakened bones.

Question 12

Which of the following minerals is a component of sulfur-containing amino acids and B vitamins, and is found in all protein foods?

Accepted Answer

Sulfur

Question 13

A 45-year-old male consumes 350 mg of magnesium per day. The RDA for males is 420 mg/day. What percentage of the RDA is he meeting? Use the formula $$	ext{Percentage} = \frac{	ext{Intake}}{	ext{RDA}} 	imes 100.$$

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{350}{420} 	imes 100 = 83.3\%$$

Question 14

Which of the following scenarios would most likely decrease the bioavailability of calcium from a meal?

Accepted Answer

Consuming calcium with foods high in phytates and oxalates

Question 15

Which of the following is a key reason why weight-bearing exercise is recommended for osteoporosis prevention?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates bone formation and helps achieve higher peak bone mass.

Question 16

Which mineral is a cofactor for over 300 enzymes and is necessary for ATP structure stabilization, nerve function, and muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Magnesium

Question 17

A patient with chronic diarrhea and overuse of aluminum-containing antacids is most at risk for deficiency of which mineral?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of vitamin D in calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It increases calcium extraction from bones, retention by kidneys, and absorption by the intestine.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for preventing osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Consuming a diet low in calcium and vitamin D

Question 20

Which mineral is essential for the structure of phospholipids, DNA, RNA, and ATP, and is more readily absorbed than calcium?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus

Major Minerals and Bone Health

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