Q: Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure?

$$\text{Increased sodium intake} \rightarrow \text{Increased blood pressure}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is a major function of sodium in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulates fluid balance and nerve impulse transmission

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle cramps, confusion, and severe dehydration after running a marathon. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia

Question 3

What is the Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake for sodium for adults?

Accepted Answer

$$2300\ \mathrm{mg}$$

Question 4

Which of the following foods is the most significant source of sodium in the typical diet?

Accepted Answer

Processed meats and cheeses

Question 5

Excess sodium intake can lead to which of the following long-term health consequences?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension

Question 6

Which of the following is a primary function of potassium in the body?

Accepted Answer

Regulates muscle contraction and nerve impulse transmission

Question 7

A diet high in potassium can help counteract which effect of sodium?

Accepted Answer

Negative effects on blood pressure (hypertension)

Question 8

Which of the following foods is a good source of potassium?

Accepted Answer

Bananas

Question 9

A patient is found to have hyperkalemia. Which of the following is a likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Excessive intake of potassium supplements

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the movement of sodium and potassium across cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Sodium moves out of cells and potassium moves in, both by active transport

Question 11

Which of the following symptoms is most likely to occur with severe potassium deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Muscle weakness and fatigue

Question 12

A person consumes a diet very high in processed foods and low in fruits and vegetables. Which electrolyte imbalance are they most at risk for?

Accepted Answer

Hypernatremia and hypokalemia

Question 13

Which of the following statements about sodium and potassium is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Sodium is mainly extracellular, potassium is mainly intracellular

Question 14

Which of the following is a symptom of sodium toxicity?

Accepted Answer

Edema

Question 15

If a person drinks excessive amounts of water in a short period, which electrolyte imbalance are they most at risk for?

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia

Question 16

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Increased sodium intake} ightarrow 	ext{Increased blood pressure}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is the best strategy to reduce sodium intake in the diet?

Accepted Answer

Choose fresh fruits and vegetables over processed foods

Question 18

A patient with hypertension is advised to increase their intake of which mineral to help lower blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Potassium

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why sodium is essential for nerve function?

Accepted Answer

It allows the movement of electrical charge for signal transmission

Question 20

Which of the following is a rare but possible consequence of excessive potassium intake from supplements?

Accepted Answer

Hyperkalemia

Major Minerals: Sodium and Potassium – Functions, Sources, Deficiency, and Toxicity

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