Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main advantage of experimental (interventional) studies over observational studies in nutrition research?

Accepted Answer

They can establish cause-and-effect relationships.

Question 2

A researcher wants to investigate whether a new dietary supplement reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. She recruits 1,000 healthy adults, randomly assigns half to receive the supplement and half to receive a placebo, and follows them for 5 years. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Randomized controlled trial

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct order of steps in the scientific method as depicted in the first image?

Accepted Answer

Ask a Question → Do Background Research → Form a Hypothesis → Test Your Hypothesis → Analyze the Data → Determine Your Conclusion

Question 4

A study finds that people who eat more leafy greens have a lower risk of heart disease, but does not control what participants eat. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Observational study

Question 5

Which anthropometric measurement is most appropriate for assessing the growth of a young child, as shown in the second image?

Accepted Answer

Height or length

Question 6

A blood glucose test, as shown in the third image, is an example of which method of nutritional assessment?

Accepted Answer

Biochemical method

Question 7

According to the evidence pyramid (fourth image), which type of publication provides the strongest evidence for clinical decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Clinical practice guidelines

Question 8

A study reports a p-value of 0.03. According to the fifth image, how should this result be interpreted?

Accepted Answer

Significant

Question 9

If a study reports a relative risk (RR) of 0.7 for developing a disease after a dietary intervention, what does this mean?

Accepted Answer

The intervention decreases the risk of disease.

Question 10

A study reports an odds ratio (OR) of 1.0 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of (0.5–1.5), as shown in the sixth image. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The result is not statistically significant.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a primary source in nutrition research?

Accepted Answer

A peer-reviewed article reporting original research data

Question 12

A researcher wants to know if a new vitamin supplement affects cholesterol levels. She measures cholesterol in two groups: one taking the supplement and one taking a placebo. She finds a p-value of 0.07. According to the fifth image, how should she interpret this result?

Accepted Answer

The result is significant at the p\u003c0.10 level, but not at the conventional p\u003c0.05 level.

Question 13

Which of the following is a limitation of retrospective case-control studies?

Accepted Answer

They rely on participants' recall of past exposures, which may be inaccurate.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for evaluating the reliability of a nutrition website using the ABCD method?

Accepted Answer

Caloric content

Question 15

A study reports a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.0 with a 95% CI of (1.2–2.8). What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

The treatment is associated with a statistically significant increased risk.

Question 16

Which dietary assessment method is considered the most accurate but is rarely used due to its time-consuming and expensive nature?

Accepted Answer

Observed food consumption

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'nutrigenomics'?

Accepted Answer

The study of how nutrients affect gene expression and how genetic differences affect individual responses to nutrients.

Question 18

If a confidence interval for a relative risk (RR) does NOT include 1, as shown in the seventh image, what does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The result is statistically significant.

Question 19

Which of the following is a key reason why peer review is important in scientific publishing?

Accepted Answer

It helps verify the quality and validity of the research before publication.

Question 20

A news article claims that a single study proves a new diet cures heart disease. Which of the following is the best response based on the principles of evidence-based nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Be skeptical and look for confirmation from multiple studies and peer-reviewed sources.

Nutrition and the Scientific Method: Foundations for Evidence-Based Practice

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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