Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the classification of dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

Dietary fiber is classified as either soluble or insoluble, based on its ability to dissolve in water.

Question 2

A patient with lactose intolerance consumes a glass of milk and experiences gastrointestinal discomfort. Which of the following best explains the physiological reason for this reaction?

Accepted Answer

The patient lacks sufficient lactase enzyme to break down lactose, leading to fermentation by bacteria in the large intestine.

Question 3

Which hormone is released from the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; it promotes the uptake of glucose by cells and lowers blood glucose levels.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the process of gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids.

Question 5

A food label states that a product contains '0 grams trans fat.' Which of the following is TRUE regarding U.S. labeling guidelines for trans fats?

Accepted Answer

Foods can be labeled as '0 grams trans fat' if they contain less than 0.5 grams of trans fat per serving.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why high intake of saturated fats is associated with increased risk of heart disease?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats raise LDL cholesterol levels, which can contribute to atherosclerosis.

Question 7

A person consumes excess protein along with excess calories. What is the fate of the surplus protein in the body?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to fat and stored in adipose tissue.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a complete protein?

Accepted Answer

A protein that contains all essential amino acids in adequate amounts.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in the body?

Accepted Answer

It is a marker of inflammation and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

The anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvate, producing a net gain of 2 ATP.

Question 11

A person is running a sprint and their muscles begin to produce lactic acid. Under which condition does this occur, and what is the fate of lactic acid?

Accepted Answer

During anaerobic conditions; lactic acid is transported to the liver where it can be converted back to glucose via the Cori cycle.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of creatine phosphate in energy production?

Accepted Answer

It donates a phosphate group to ADP to rapidly regenerate ATP during short bursts of intense activity.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct equation for the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2} ightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy (ATP)}$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between anabolic and catabolic metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic pathways build complex molecules from simpler ones, while catabolic pathways break down complex molecules into simpler ones.

Question 15

A 25-year-old adult wants to meet the RDA for carbohydrates. What is the minimum amount of carbohydrates (in grams) they should consume per day?

Accepted Answer

130 grams

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of chylomicrons in lipid metabolism?

Accepted Answer

They transport dietary lipids from the intestines to other tissues via the lymphatic system.

Question 17

Which of the following is a valid FDA health claim regarding dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

"Diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol and rich in fruits, vegetables, and grain products that contain fiber, particularly soluble fiber, may reduce the risk of heart disease."

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why a person can gain body fat even when restricting dietary fat intake?

Accepted Answer

Excess calories from carbohydrates and proteins can be converted to fat and stored in adipose tissue.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of beta-oxidation?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA units for entry into the citric acid cycle.

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