Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of glucose production during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is synthesized from carbon dioxide and water using energy from sunlight.

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a monosaccharide and its primary use in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Galactose – used to form lactose in breast milk

Question 3

Which of the following statements about dietary fiber is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Functional fiber is isolated or synthetic fiber added to foods for health benefits.

Question 4

A patient with lactose malabsorption will most likely experience which of the following symptoms after consuming dairy products, and why?

Accepted Answer

Bloating and diarrhea, because undigested lactose is fermented by bacteria in the colon.

Question 5

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver, and what is the process called?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon; glycogenolysis

Question 6

A person following a very low-carbohydrate diet is at risk for ketosis. Which of the following best explains why?

Accepted Answer

The body breaks down fatty acids for energy, producing ketone bodies as a byproduct.

Question 7

Calculate the minimum grams of carbohydrates recommended per day for an adult to prevent ketosis, according to dietary guidelines.

Accepted Answer

$$130$$ grams

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between soluble and insoluble fiber, and provides an example of each?

Accepted Answer

Soluble fiber dissolves in water and can be fermented (e.g., oats); insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water and is not fermented (e.g., wheat bran).

Question 9

Which of the following is a physiological difference between Type I and Type II diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Type I diabetes involves a lack of insulin production; Type II involves insulin resistance.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains how dietary fiber helps prevent diverticulitis?

Accepted Answer

Fiber increases stool bulk, reducing pressure in the colon and preventing formation of diverticula.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about fatty acids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 12

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid, and why is it considered essential?

Accepted Answer

Linoleic acid; because the body cannot synthesize it and it must be obtained from the diet.

Question 13

Which lipoprotein is responsible for transporting cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver, and why is it considered 'good' cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

HDL; because it helps clear excess cholesterol from the bloodstream.

Question 14

A diet high in trans fats increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) primarily because trans fats:

Accepted Answer

Raise LDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Acting as enzymes to speed up chemical reactions

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a complete protein and provides an example?

Accepted Answer

Contains all essential amino acids in adequate amounts; example: eggs

Question 17

A vegetarian is concerned about getting enough lysine, an essential amino acid. Which dietary strategy would best help them meet their needs?

Accepted Answer

Combine legumes (beans) with grains (rice) to complement limiting amino acids.

Question 18

Calculate the protein requirement for a healthy adult weighing 70 kg, using the standard formula. (Use $$0.8$$ grams protein per kg body weight.)

Accepted Answer

$$56$$ grams

Question 19

Which nutrient is most likely to be deficient in a poorly planned vegetarian diet?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 20

A patient presents with edema, a swollen belly, and hair changes after being weaned from breast milk to a low-protein diet. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Kwashiorkor

Nutrition Study Guide Test 2 – Step-by-Step Guidance

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