Q: A 130-pound adolescent athlete is recovering from an injury. Using the standard protein recommendation, what is the minimum amount of protein (in grams) they should consume daily? (Round to the nearest whole number.)

$$130 \div 2.2 \times 0.8 = 47$$ grams

Question 1

Which element is found in amino acids but NOT in carbohydrates or fats?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with kwashiorkor. Which of the following symptoms would you most likely observe?

Accepted Answer

Edema and a swollen belly

Question 3

Which of the following foods is considered a complete protein?

Accepted Answer

Quinoa

Question 4

A 180-pound adult wants to calculate their recommended daily protein intake. Which of the following equations correctly determines their protein needs in grams per day?

Accepted Answer

$$180 \div 2.2 	imes 0.8$$

Question 5

Which process describes the removal of nitrogen from amino acids so the carbon skeleton can be used for energy?

Accepted Answer

Deamination

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why combining rice and beans provides all essential amino acids?

Accepted Answer

They are complementary proteins, each providing amino acids the other lacks

Question 7

During protein digestion, which enzyme is activated by stomach acid to begin breaking down proteins?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) in the body?

Accepted Answer

Carries cholesterol away from tissues to the liver for removal

Question 9

A person switches from butter to olive oil in their diet. Which change in fat type are they making, and what is a likely health benefit?

Accepted Answer

From saturated to unsaturated fat; improved cholesterol levels

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the structure of a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

Glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 11

A patient has a diet high in LDL cholesterol and low in HDL cholesterol. What is the most likely long-term health risk?

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a controllable risk factor for heart disease?

Accepted Answer

Genetics

Question 13

Which of the following statements about denaturation is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation changes the shape of a protein without breaking peptide bonds

Question 14

Which of the following foods is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Salmon

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the main function of phospholipids in the body?

Accepted Answer

Building cell membranes

Question 16

A vegan diet excludes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Eggs, dairy, and all animal products

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the body cannot store excess protein?

Accepted Answer

Excess protein is converted to urea and excreted

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the digestion and absorption of dietary fat?

Accepted Answer

Mouth → Stomach → Small intestine (bile and lipase) → Absorption

Question 19

A 130-pound adolescent athlete is recovering from an injury. Using the standard protein recommendation, what is the minimum amount of protein (in grams) they should consume daily? (Round to the nearest whole number.)

Accepted Answer

$$130 \div 2.2 	imes 0.8 = 47$$ grams

Question 20

Which of the following best describes atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A buildup of plaque in the arteries, narrowing them and reducing blood flow

Proteins and Lipids: Structure, Function, and Nutrition

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