Question 1

Which of the following best describes the general structure of an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A central carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, an amine group, an acid group, and a unique side chain

Question 2

Which process is responsible for transferring an amine group from one amino acid to a carbon skeleton to form a new amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Transamination

Question 3

What is the primary structure of a protein determined by?

Accepted Answer

The sequential order of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of complementary protein foods?

Accepted Answer

Rice and beans

Question 5

A patient presents with edema and a distended belly, but only mild weight loss and muscle wasting. Which protein-energy malnutrition disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Kwashiorkor

Question 6

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the final breakdown of proteins into single amino acids in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Protease

Question 7

Calculate the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein for a 70 kg adult. Use the formula $$ 	ext{RDA} = 0.8 	imes 	ext{body weight in kg} .$$

Accepted Answer

$$ 56 	ext{ g} $$

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 9

A vegan diet is most likely to be deficient in which of the following nutrients without careful planning?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why animal proteins are considered 'high-quality' or 'complete' proteins?

Accepted Answer

They contain all nine essential amino acids in sufficient quantities

Question 11

A patient with severe protein deficiency is experiencing extreme tissue wasting and stunted growth. Which disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Marasmus

Question 12

Which of the following is a potential health risk associated with excessive protein intake, especially from animal sources?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of kidney disease in susceptible individuals

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of translation in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

The conversion of genetic information in mRNA to assemble amino acids in the proper sequence to synthesize a protein

Question 14

Which of the following vegetarian diets excludes all animal flesh and seafood but includes dairy and eggs?

Accepted Answer

Lacto-ovovegetarian

Question 15

A person consumes 90 g of protein per day and weighs 60 kg. Calculate their protein intake per kg body weight. $$ 	ext{Protein intake per kg} = \frac{	ext{Total protein intake (g)}}{	ext{Body weight (kg)}} $$

Accepted Answer

$$ 1.5 	ext{ g/kg} $$

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

Cooking an egg until the white solidifies

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why edema can occur in individuals with protein deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Insufficient protein in the blood decreases fluid return to capillaries, causing fluid accumulation in tissues

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a typical reason for choosing a vegetarian diet?

Accepted Answer

Desire to increase saturated fat intake

Question 19

Which of the following nutrients is most likely to be low in a fruitarian diet?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Question 20

Which of the following statements about mutual supplementation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It involves combining two incomplete protein sources to provide all essential amino acids

Proteins: Crucial Components of All Body Tissues – Study Guide

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