Question 1

Which of the following best describes the organization of the human body from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Molecule → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system

Question 2

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating hunger and is produced by the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin

Question 3

What is the main function of bile in the digestive process?

Accepted Answer

To emulsify fats, increasing their surface area for enzyme action

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct description of peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

A rhythmic, involuntary contraction and relaxation of the GI tract muscles that propels food forward

Question 5

Which of the following nutrients is absorbed into the lymphatic system rather than directly into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Fat-soluble vitamins

Question 6

A patient presents with persistent heartburn occurring more than twice a week. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the stomach does not digest itself with its own acid?

Accepted Answer

The stomach lining is protected by a thick layer of mucus and bicarbonate

Question 8

Which of the following is the primary cause of most food intolerances, including lactose intolerance?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme deficiency or malfunction

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the liver related to digestion?

Accepted Answer

Producing bile for fat emulsification

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of active transport in nutrient absorption?

Accepted Answer

Nutrients are carried across the membrane with a transport protein and ATP

Question 11

A person with celiac disease must avoid foods containing gluten because:

Accepted Answer

Gluten triggers an immune response that damages the small intestine lining

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between celiac disease and nonceliac gluten sensitivity?

Accepted Answer

Only celiac disease involves an autoimmune response and intestinal damage

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the brush border in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the surface area for nutrient absorption

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in digestion?

Accepted Answer

It regulates peristalsis, segmentation, and digestive gland secretions

Question 15

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of long-term antibiotic use on the gut microbiome?

Accepted Answer

Decreased diversity of beneficial bacteria, leading to intestinal barrier dysfunction

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of segmentation in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

An involuntary movement that mixes chyme and increases contact with digestive enzymes

Question 17

Which of the following is a nutrient-dense snack?

Accepted Answer

A food with a high level of nutrients for a low number of Calories

Question 18

Which of the following is the main function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Storage of undigested material and absorption of water

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of insulin in blood glucose regulation?

Accepted Answer

It lowers blood glucose by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells

Question 20

Which of the following foods is exempt from standard food labeling regulations?

Accepted Answer

Meat

The Human Body & Digestion: Structure, Function, and Disorders

Study Guide - Practice Questions