Q: Which equation best represents the relationship between water input and output in the body?

$$\text{Water Input} = \text{Water Output}$$

Q: Which of the following equations best describes the pH range of blood?

$$7.35 \leq \text{pH} \leq 7.45$$

Question 1

Which of the following is a primary function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Carries nutrients and acts as a solvent for minerals and vitamins

Question 2

A patient presents with confusion, rapid pulse, and dark yellow urine after a marathon. Which condition is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Severe dehydration

Question 3

Which mineral is most commonly overconsumed in the United States and is associated with increased risk of hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Sodium

Question 4

If a person consumes several gallons of water in a few hours, which potentially fatal condition may result?

Accepted Answer

Water intoxication

Question 5

Which equation best represents the relationship between water input and output in the body?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Water Input} = 	ext{Water Output}$$

Question 6

Which of the following minerals is a key component of hydroxyapatite crystals in bone?

Accepted Answer

Calcium and phosphorus

Question 7

A patient with muscle weakness and irregular heartbeat is most likely deficient in which mineral?

Accepted Answer

Potassium

Question 8

Which of the following foods is highest in potassium?

Accepted Answer

Baked potato

Question 9

Which mineral is essential for acid-base balance and is a major component of DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus

Question 10

A person with chronic low fluid intake is at increased risk for which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Gallstones

Question 11

Which mineral is the principal positively charged ion outside of cells and is crucial for nerve and muscle function?

Accepted Answer

Sodium

Question 12

Which of the following is a key antioxidant mineral?

Accepted Answer

Selenium

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with hyponatremia. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Too little sodium in the blood

Question 14

Which mineral is most abundant in the human body and is often not consumed in sufficient amounts by adults?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 15

Which mineral is a key component of hydrochloric acid in the stomach and helps maintain fluid balance?

Accepted Answer

Chloride

Question 16

Which of the following equations best describes the pH range of blood?

Accepted Answer

$$7.35 \leq 	ext{pH} \leq 7.45$$

Question 17

Which mineral deficiency is the most common worldwide and is the leading cause of anemia?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 18

Which mineral, when consumed in excess, may promote colorectal cancer and damage the liver, kidneys, or heart?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 19

Which mineral is added to water supplies to prevent dental caries and is toxic in excess, causing fluorosis?

Accepted Answer

Fluoride

Question 20

Which organ system is NOT directly involved in maintaining calcium balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Water and Minerals: Functions, Balance, and Key Nutrients

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