Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between intracellular and extracellular electrolytes?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular electrolytes are mainly potassium and phosphate, while extracellular electrolytes are primarily sodium and chloride.

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle weakness, confusion, and irregular heartbeat. Lab results show low serum potassium. Which food would be the best recommendation to increase potassium intake?

Accepted Answer

Bananas

Question 3

Which of the following vitamins or minerals can be synthesized in the human body under certain conditions?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 4

Which of the following is a major function of antioxidants in the body?

Accepted Answer

They neutralize free radicals, reducing oxidative damage to cells.

Question 5

A person with a diet low in dairy products and sunlight exposure is at increased risk for which deficiency, and what is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D deficiency; impaired calcium absorption leading to bone weakness

Question 6

Which of the following best explains the relationship between vitamin D and calcium in the body?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D enhances intestinal absorption of calcium.

Question 7

Which of the following is a rich food source of beta-carotene?

Accepted Answer

Carrots

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with hypercalcemia. Which of the following is a potential complication?

Accepted Answer

Kidney stone formation

Question 9

Which of the following statements about osteoblasts and osteoclasts is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts build new bone tissue, while osteoclasts break down bone.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a pro-vitamin?

Accepted Answer

A compound that can be converted into an active vitamin in the body.

Question 11

A person is experiencing excessive sweating and muscle cramps after exercising in hot weather. Which condition are they most likely experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Heat cramps

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulates body temperature through sweating

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of heme iron compared to non-heme iron?

Accepted Answer

Heme iron is found in animal foods and is more efficiently absorbed.

Question 14

Which of the following dietary changes would most likely help maintain normal blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Increasing potassium-rich foods such as fruits and vegetables

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the movement of water when the concentration of extracellular electrolytes increases?

Accepted Answer

Water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 16

Which of the following is a known risk factor for the formation of free radicals in the body?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to cigarette smoke

Question 17

Which of the following individuals is at greatest risk for vitamin C deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A person who smokes and rarely eats fruits or vegetables

Question 18

Which of the following is a primary function of leukocytes?

Accepted Answer

Defending the body against pathogens

Question 19

Which of the following is a rich food source of magnesium?

Accepted Answer

Spinach

Question 20

Which of the following vitamins acts as an antioxidant in the body?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin E

Water, Electrolytes, Vitamins, Minerals, and Antioxidants: Exam 3 Study Guide

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