Which of the following lists best explains the physiological mechanisms by which regular aerobic exercise lowers long-term cardiovascular disease risk?

• A. Increases cardiac output during activity; with training lowers resting HR and BP and modestly improves lipids and insulin sensitivity.
• B. Lowers resting HR and BP; improves endothelial vasodilation, lipids, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, visceral fat, and VO₂max.
• C. Produces short‑term metabolic benefits after bouts, but long‑term risk reduction requires repeated training‑induced vascular and metabolic improvements.
• D. Raises daily energy expenditure; long‑term risk reduction also requires improved vascular function, lipids, and reduced visceral fat.

Answer: (B)