James wants to improve his cardiovascular fitness before joining a recreational soccer league in 10 weeks. He begins by jogging for 8 minutes each day and plans to increase his jogging time by 8 minutes every week until he reaches 48 minutes. If he feels overwhelmed, he will only add 4 minutes per week. Which behavior-change technique is James applying to his fitness plan?

• A. shaping 
• B. reinforcement 
• C. cue control
• D. contingency management

Answer: (A)