Q: Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of HIV RNA copies and CD4 T cell count over time in a rapid progressor of HIV disease?

$$ \text{CD4}(t) \downarrow, \text{HIV RNA}(t) \uparrow $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between pathogenicity and virulence?

Accepted Answer

Pathogenicity is the ability of a microbe to cause disease, while virulence is the ability of a pathogen to overcome host defenses.

Question 2

A patient presents with sudden onset of fever, dry cough, headache, sore throat, chills, runny nose, loss of appetite, muscle aches, and tiredness. Which infectious disease is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Influenza

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to emerging and re-emerging infections?

Accepted Answer

Increased vaccination rates

Question 4

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of HIV RNA copies and CD4 T cell count over time in a rapid progressor of HIV disease?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{CD4}(t) \downarrow, 	ext{HIV RNA}(t) \uparrow $$

Question 5

Which of the following pathogens is most likely to cause a ring-shaped rash, itchy skin, and hair loss?

Accepted Answer

Trichophyton (ringworm fungus)

Question 6

A newborn develops conjunctivitis after birth. Which pathogen is most likely responsible, and what preventive measure is recommended?

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia trachomatis; erythromycin eyedrops at birth

Question 7

Which of the following statements about antibiotic resistance is correct?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotic resistance can be genetically transmitted between bacteria.

Question 8

Which sexually transmitted infection is most commonly reported in Canada, and what age group is most affected?

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia; ages 15-29

Question 9

Which of the following is a plausible reason why rates of infectious diseases are higher in certain regions or populations?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of public health measures and poverty

Question 10

A patient presents with dark urine, stomach pain, jaundice, fever, loss of appetite, fatigue, nausea, and aching joints. Which disease is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a common route of HIV transmission?

Accepted Answer

Casual contact such as hugging

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the chain of infection?

Accepted Answer

A sequence of events that must occur for an infection to spread from one individual to another.

Question 13

Which of the following is a multidrug-resistant organism commonly referred to as a 'superbug'?

Accepted Answer

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Question 14

A patient with HIV is at increased risk for which of the following opportunistic infections?

Accepted Answer

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Question 15

Which of the following equations best represents the exponential growth of bacteria in the absence of antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

$$ N(t) = N_0$ e$$^{rt}$$ $$

Question 16

Which of the following is a recommended prevention strategy for infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Strengthening the immune system through healthy lifestyle choices

Question 17

Which of the following is a symptom of central nervous system infection caused by bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Stiff neck, sudden fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, light sensitivity, and rash

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of viral genetic mutation in HIV disease?

Accepted Answer

It allows the virus to evade the immune system and develop resistance to treatment.

Question 19

Which of the following is a possible complication of untreated pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women?

Accepted Answer

Infertility and increased risk of ectopic pregnancy

Question 20

Which of the following pathogens is responsible for causing food poisoning and can be prevented by careful food preparation and handling?

Accepted Answer

Salmonellae

Infection and Infectious Diseases: Pathogens, Transmission, and Public Health

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