Question 1

Given the linear model $y = -168.96x + 11.802$, what is the value of $x$ when $y = 0$?

Accepted Answer

$x = \frac{-11.802}{-168.96}$

Question 2

What is the rounded value of $x$ when $y = 0$ in the equation $y = -168.96x + 11.802$?

Accepted Answer

$x \approx 0.0699$

Question 3

In the context of osmotic potential, which equation correctly represents the solute potential $\Psi_s$?

Accepted Answer

$\Psi_s = -iCRT$

Question 4

If $i = 2$, $C = 0.0699\,\mathrm{m}$, $R = 0.0831\,\frac{L \cdot bar}{mol \cdot K}$, and $T = 296\,K$, what is the value of $\Psi_s$?

Accepted Answer

$\Psi_s = -3.44\,bar$

Question 5

What does the van 't Hoff factor $i$ represent in the equation $\Psi_s = -iCRT$?

Accepted Answer

The number of ions produced per formula unit of solute

Question 6

If the pressure potential $\Psi_p$ is zero, what is the relationship between the solute potential $\Psi_s$ and the water potential $\Psi_w$?

Accepted Answer

$\Psi_w = \Psi_s$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the physical meaning of a negative solute potential ($\Psi_s$)?

Accepted Answer

The solution has a lower water potential than pure water

Question 8

A solution has $i = 2$, $C = 0.0699\,\mathrm{m}$, $R = 0.0831\,\frac{L \cdot bar}{mol \cdot K}$, and $T = 296\,K$. What would happen to $\Psi_s$ if the temperature increased?

Accepted Answer

$\Psi_s$ would become more negative

Question 9

If the concentration of solute $C$ is doubled in the equation $\Psi_s = -iCRT$, what happens to the value of $\Psi_s$?

Accepted Answer

$\Psi_s$ is doubled (more negative)

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct value for the gas constant $R$ used in the calculation of $\Psi_s$?

Accepted Answer

$R = 0.0831\,\frac{L \cdot bar}{mol \cdot K}$

Question 11

A student calculates $\Psi_s$ and gets $-3.44\,bar$. What does this value indicate about the solution?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypertonic compared to pure water

Question 12

If $\Psi_p = 0$ and $\Psi_s = -3.44\,bar$, what is the total water potential $\Psi_w$?

Accepted Answer

$\Psi_w = -3.44\,bar$

Question 13

Which variable in the equation $\Psi_s = -iCRT$ would you change to make the solution less negative?

Accepted Answer

Decrease $i$

Question 14

If a solution has $\Psi_s = -3.44\,bar$ and $\Psi_p = 0$, what is the direction of water movement if placed next to pure water?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the solution

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the effect of increasing the van 't Hoff factor $i$ in the equation $\Psi_s = -iCRT$?

Accepted Answer

It increases the magnitude of the negative solute potential

Linear Modeling and Osmotic Potential Calculations in Physics

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