Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 2

A cube of aluminum (density $$2.7 \ \mathrm{g/cm^3$}) $$with a volume of $$10 \ \mathrm{cm^3$} is $$placed in water (density $$1.0 \ \mathrm{g/cm^3$}). $$What is the buoyant force acting on the cube? (Assume $$g = 9.8 \ \mathrm{m/s^2$})$$

Accepted Answer

$$0.098 \ \mathrm{N}$$

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why sweating cools the human body?

Accepted Answer

Evaporation is a cooling process because the highest energy molecules leave the skin, lowering the average kinetic energy.

Question 4

A gas is compressed in a piston so that its volume decreases from $$2.0 \ \mathrm{L} to$$ $$1.0 \ \mathrm{L}$$ while its temperature remains constant. According to Boyle's Law, what happens to the pressure?

Accepted Answer

It doubles.

Question 5

Which process is responsible for the transfer of heat from the Sun to the Earth?

Accepted Answer

Radiation

Question 6

A $$0.5 \ \mathrm{kg}$$ block of ice at $$0^\circ \mathrm{C} is $$placed in $$0.5 \ \mathrm{kg} of $$water at $$20^\circ \mathrm{C}. $$The latent heat of fusion for ice is $$334,000 \ \mathrm{J/kg}$$ and the specific heat of water is $$4,186 \ \mathrm{J/(kg \cdot ^\circ C)}. $$How much heat is required to melt the ice completely?

Accepted Answer

$$167,000 \ \mathrm{J}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes Pascal’s Principle?

Accepted Answer

A change in pressure at any point in a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid.

Question 8

A steel bridge expands $$2.4 \ \mathrm{cm} in $$length when the temperature increases by $$40^\circ \mathrm{C}. If $$the coefficient of linear expansion for steel is $$1.2 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ \ ^\circ \mathrm{C}^{-1}$$, what is the original length of the bridge?

Accepted Answer

$$50 \ \mathrm{m}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a property of plasma?

Accepted Answer

It has a fixed shape and volume.

Question 10

A $$2.0 \ \mathrm{kg}$$ object is fully submerged in a fluid with density $$800 \ \mathrm{kg/m^3$}. $$What is the buoyant force acting on the object? (Assume $$g = 9.8 \ \mathrm{m/s^2$}$$ and the object’s volume is $$0.0025 \ \mathrm{m^3$})$$

Accepted Answer

$$15.7 \ \mathrm{N}$$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

Ice is less dense than liquid water.

Question 12

A $$0.2 \ \mathrm{kg}$$ piece of copper ($$c = 390 \ \mathrm{J/(kg \cdot ^\circ C)}) is $$heated from $$20^\circ \mathrm{C} to$$ $$120^\circ \mathrm{C}. $$How much heat is required?

Accepted Answer

$$7,800 \ \mathrm{J}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the greenhouse effect?

Accepted Answer

It is caused by the atmosphere trapping long-wavelength (terrestrial) radiation more than short-wavelength (solar) radiation.

Question 14

A hydraulic lift uses oil to lift a car. If a force of $$500 \ \mathrm{N} is $$applied to a piston with area $$0.01 \ \mathrm{m^2$}$$, what is the pressure transmitted to the oil?

Accepted Answer

$$50,000 \ \mathrm{Pa}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the internal energy of a substance?

Accepted Answer

It is the sum of all energies (kinetic and potential) of the molecules in the substance.

Question 16

A $$1.0 \ \mathrm{kg}$$ sample of water at $$100^\circ \mathrm{C} is $$boiled into steam at $$100^\circ \mathrm{C}. $$The latent heat of vaporization is $$2,260,000 \ \mathrm{J/kg}. $$How much heat is required?

Accepted Answer

$$2,260,000 \ \mathrm{J}$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of condensation?

Accepted Answer

A warming process where gas changes to liquid.

Question 18

A balloon filled with helium rises in the atmosphere. Which principle best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Archimedes’ Principle

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the temperature of an object at absolute zero?

Accepted Answer

The average translational kinetic energy of its molecules is zero.

Question 20

A $$0.5 \ \mathrm{kg}$$ block of iron at $$80^\circ \mathrm{C} is $$placed in $$1.0 \ \mathrm{kg} of $$water at $$20^\circ \mathrm{C}. $$The specific heat of iron is $$450 \ \mathrm{J/(kg \cdot ^\circ C)}$$ and water is $$4,186 \ \mathrm{J/(kg \cdot ^\circ C)}. $$What is the final equilibrium temperature? (Assume no heat loss to the environment.)

Accepted Answer

$$23^\circ \mathrm{C}$$

PHYS 1100 Exam 3 Review: Atomic Nature of Matter, Solids, Liquids, Gases, and Thermal Physics

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