Q: A car of mass $$1200\ \mathrm{kg}$$ accelerates from rest to $$25\ \mathrm{m/s} in$$ $$10\ \mathrm{s}. $$What is the average net force acting on the car during this interval?

$$F = m a = 1200\ \mathrm{kg} \times \frac{25\ \mathrm{m/s} - 0}{10\ \mathrm{s}} = 3000\ \mathrm{N}$$

Q: A block of wood floats in water with $$60\% of $$its volume submerged. What is the density of the wood if the density of water is $$1000\ \mathrm{kg/m^3$}$$?

$$\rho_{\text{wood}} = 0.60 \times 1000\ \mathrm{kg/m^3$} = 600\ \mathrm{kg/m^3$}$$

Q: A $$2.0\ \mathrm{kg}$$ object is dropped from a height of $$10\ \mathrm{m}. $$Neglecting air resistance, what is its speed just before hitting the ground? $$(g = 9.8\ \mathrm{m/s^2$})$$

$$v = \sqrt{2gh} = \sqrt{2 \times 9.8\ \mathrm{m/s^2$} \times 10\ \mathrm{m}} = 14\ \mathrm{m/s}$$

Q: A radioactive isotope has a half-life of $$8$$ hours. If you start with $$80\ \mathrm{mg}$$, how much remains after $$24$$ hours?

$$24\ \mathrm{h} = 3$$ half-lives, so $$80\ \mathrm{mg} \times (\frac{1}{2})^3$ = 10\ \mathrm{mg}$$

Question 1

A car of mass $$1200\ \mathrm{kg}$$ accelerates from rest to $$25\ \mathrm{m/s} in$$ $$10\ \mathrm{s}. $$What is the average net force acting on the car during this interval?

Accepted Answer

$$F = m a = 1200\ \mathrm{kg} 	imes \frac{25\ \mathrm{m/s} - 0}{10\ \mathrm{s}} = 3000\ \mathrm{N}$$

Question 2

A block of wood floats in water with $$60\% of $$its volume submerged. What is the density of the wood if the density of water is $$1000\ \mathrm{kg/m^3$}$$?

Accepted Answer

$$ho_{	ext{wood}} = 0.60 	imes 1000\ \mathrm{kg/m^3$} = 600\ \mathrm{kg/m^3$}$$

Question 3

A person with myopia (nearsightedness) cannot see distant objects clearly. Which type of lens is used in corrective glasses for this condition, and why?

Accepted Answer

A diverging (concave) lens, because it spreads out light rays before they enter the eye, allowing the image to focus on the retina.

Question 4

A sound wave has a frequency of $$440\ \mathrm{Hz}$$ and travels at $$330\ \mathrm{m/s} in $$air. What is its wavelength?

Accepted Answer

$$\lambda = \frac{v}{f} = \frac{330\ \mathrm{m/s}}{440\ \mathrm{Hz}} = 0.75\ \mathrm{m}$$

Question 5

A $$2.0\ \mathrm{kg}$$ object is dropped from a height of $$10\ \mathrm{m}. $$Neglecting air resistance, what is its speed just before hitting the ground? $$(g = 9.8\ \mathrm{m/s^2$})$$

Accepted Answer

$$v = \sqrt{2gh} = \sqrt{2 	imes 9.8\ \mathrm{m/s^2$} 	imes 10\ \mathrm{m}} = 14\ \mathrm{m/s}$$

Question 6

A patient receives $$5.0\ \mathrm{mL} of a$$ $$0.9\% (w/v) $$NaCl solution. How many grams of NaCl are administered?

Accepted Answer

$$0.9\% (w/v) $$means $$0.9\ \mathrm{g}$$ per $$100\ \mathrm{mL}$$, so $$\frac{0.9\ \mathrm{g}}{100\ \mathrm{mL}} 	imes 5.0\ \mathrm{mL} = 0.045\ \mathrm{g}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

The density of ice is less than that of liquid water due to the hydrogen-bonded open structure in solid form.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions, increasing the reaction rate.

Question 9

A radioactive isotope has a half-life of $$8$$ hours. If you start with $$80\ \mathrm{mg}$$, how much remains after $$24$$ hours?

Accepted Answer

$$24\ \mathrm{h} = 3$$ half-lives, so $$80\ \mathrm{mg} 	imes (\frac{1}{2})^3$ = 10\ \mathrm{mg}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of hemoglobin in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it in tissues, facilitating oxygen transport in the blood.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA consists of two antiparallel strands forming a double helix, with base pairing between adenine and thymine, and guanine and cytosine.

Question 12

A solution is prepared by dissolving $$5.0\ \mathrm{g} of $$glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) in enough water to make 100$$\ \mathrm{mL}$$ of solution. What is the molarity of the solution? (Molar mass of glucose = 180$$\ \mathrm{g/mol}$$)

Accepted Answer

Moles of glucose $$= \frac{5.0\ \mathrm{g}}{180\ \mathrm{g/mol}} = 0.0278\ \mathrm{mol}$$; Molarity $$= \frac{0.0278\ \mathrm{mol}}{0.100\ \mathrm{L}} = 0.278\ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse haploid cells.

Question 14

A patient’s blood pressure is measured as $$120/80\ \mathrm{mmHg}. $$What do these numbers represent?

Accepted Answer

120 mmHg is the systolic pressure (during heart contraction), and 80 mmHg is the diastolic pressure (during heart relaxation).

Question 15

Which of the following statements about acids and bases is correct?

Accepted Answer

A solution with $$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-3}$$\ \mathrm{M}$$ has a pH of 3 and is acidic.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why red blood cells placed in pure water swell and burst?

Accepted Answer

Water enters the cells by osmosis because the inside of the cell is hypertonic relative to pure water.

Question 17

A $$0.50\ \mathrm{mol/L}$$ solution of NaCl is diluted to $$0.10\ \mathrm{mol/L}. If $$the final volume is $$250\ \mathrm{mL}$$, what was the initial volume?

Accepted Answer

$$C_1$$ $$V_1$$ = $$C_2$$ $$V_2$$ \Rightarrow $$V_1$$ = \frac{$$C_2$$ $$V_2$$}{$$C_1$$} = \frac{0.10\ \mathrm{mol/L} 	imes 250\ \mathrm{mL}}{0.50\ \mathrm{mol/L}} = 50\ \mathrm{mL}$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the Doppler effect as experienced by an observer?

Accepted Answer

The observed frequency increases as the source approaches and decreases as it moves away.

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