Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between temperature and heat?

Accepted Answer

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles, while heat is the energy transferred due to a temperature difference.

Question 2

A thermometer is placed in a cup of water and reads $25^\circ C$. What does this reading represent?

Accepted Answer

The average kinetic energy of the water molecules.

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly converts a temperature from Celsius to Kelvin?

Accepted Answer

$T = 	heta + 273.15$

Question 4

If the temperature of a substance increases from $20^\circ C$ to $50^\circ C$, what is the change in temperature in Kelvin?

Accepted Answer

$30\ K$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the Celsius and Kelvin temperature scales is correct?

Accepted Answer

Zero on the Kelvin scale is the lowest possible temperature.

Question 6

A scientist measures the temperature of liquid nitrogen as $-196^\circ C$. What is this temperature in Kelvin?

Accepted Answer

$77\ K$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the Kelvin scale is preferred in scientific measurements?

Accepted Answer

It starts at absolute zero, where all molecular motion theoretically stops.

Question 8

A metal rod is heated at one end. Which process is primarily responsible for the transfer of energy along the rod?

Accepted Answer

Conduction

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of heat transfer by radiation?

Accepted Answer

The Sun warming the Earth's surface

Question 10

A student places two identical beakers of water in different locations: one in direct sunlight and one in the shade. After 30 minutes, the water in sunlight is warmer. Which mechanism of heat transfer is primarily responsible for this difference?

Accepted Answer

Radiation

Question 11

Which of the following statements about absolute zero is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is the temperature at which the average kinetic energy of particles is zero.

Question 12

A thermometer is calibrated so that it reads $0^\circ C$ in melting ice and $100^\circ C$ in boiling water. If the thermometer is placed in a mixture of ice and salt at $-10^\circ C$, what will it read?

Accepted Answer

$-10^\circ C$

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why metals feel colder than wood at the same temperature?

Accepted Answer

Metals conduct heat away from your hand faster than wood.

Question 14

If the temperature of a gas is doubled (in Kelvin), what happens to the average kinetic energy of its molecules?

Accepted Answer

It doubles.

Question 15

A scientist wants to compare the temperature of the surface of the Sun ($6000\ K$) and the boiling point of water ($373\ K$). What is the ratio of their temperatures?

Accepted Answer

$16.1$

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about the Celsius, Kelvin, and Fahrenheit temperature scales?

Accepted Answer

The Fahrenheit scale is commonly used in scientific research.

Question 17

A beaker contains water at $0^\circ C$. Ice is added and the temperature remains at $0^\circ C$ until all the ice melts. What is happening to the energy supplied to the beaker?

Accepted Answer

It is used to break the bonds between water molecules in the ice.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes thermal equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

When two objects are at the same temperature and no heat flows between them.

Question 19

A student measures the temperature of a solution as $25^\circ C$. What is this temperature in Fahrenheit? (Use $F = \frac{9}{5}C + 32$)

Accepted Answer

$77^\circ F$

دما و گرما (Temperature and Heat): Fundamental Concepts in Physics

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