Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a core diagnostic criterion for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) according to the DSM-5-TR?

Accepted Answer

Hallucinations and delusions

Question 2

A child with ASD is observed to repeatedly line up toys in the same order and becomes distressed if the order is changed. This behavior is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A restricted, repetitive pattern of behavior

Question 3

Which of the following best illustrates a deficit in theory of mind (ToM) in a child with ASD?

Accepted Answer

The child does not understand that others can have beliefs different from their own.

Question 4

Which gesture is considered instrumental rather than expressive, based on the provided images?

Accepted Answer

A child holding out their hand and saying 'Give me'

Question 5

A 5-year-old child with ASD draws a highly detailed horse but struggles with pretend play. This is most likely an example of:

Accepted Answer

A savant skill

Question 6

Which of the following is a common medical condition associated with ASD?

Accepted Answer

Epilepsy

Question 7

According to family and twin studies, what is the estimated heritability of an underlying liability for ASD?

Accepted Answer

$$90\%$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'central coherence' in ASD?

Accepted Answer

A tendency to interpret stimuli in a global, context-based way

Question 9

A child with ASD is able to quickly find hidden shapes in complex pictures, as shown in the Embedded Figure Test. This ability is most consistent with which cognitive feature?

Accepted Answer

Weak central coherence

Question 10

Which of the following is a recommended component of early intervention for ASD?

Accepted Answer

Intensive, year-round instruction with family involvement

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a positive symptom of childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS)?

Accepted Answer

Flat affect

Question 12

A child with COS is experiencing slowed thinking, speech, and movement, as well as emotional apathy. These are best described as:

Accepted Answer

Negative symptoms

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the prevalence of ASD is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

ASD occurs in all social classes and is identified worldwide.

Question 14

Which of the following is a common comorbid disorder with ASD?

Accepted Answer

Intellectual disability

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the course and outcome for most children with ASD?

Accepted Answer

Gradual improvements with age, but many problems persist.

Question 16

Which of the following is a key difference between ASD and childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS)?

Accepted Answer

COS is characterized by hallucinations and delusions, which are not core features of ASD.

Question 17

Which of the following is a primary treatment goal for children with ASD?

Accepted Answer

Minimize core problems and maximize independence and quality of life

Question 18

A child with ASD uses echolalia. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

The child repeats words or phrases spoken by others.

Question 19

Which of the following is a risk factor for ASD related to early development?

Accepted Answer

Parental age and maternal use of drugs during pregnancy

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of antipsychotic medications in the treatment of childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS)?

Accepted Answer

They help control psychotic symptoms but may have serious side effects.

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia: Key Concepts and Clinical Features

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