Q: Which formula best represents the relationship between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and conditioned response (CR) in classical conditioning?

$$\text{CS} \rightarrow \text{CR}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of classical conditioning as discovered by Ivan Pavlov?

Accepted Answer

Pairing a neutral stimulus with a reflexive response until the neutral stimulus elicits the response.

Question 2

In Pavlov’s experiment, what was the role of the bell before the acquisition phase?

Accepted Answer

Neutral stimulus.

Question 3

A rat freezes when it hears a loud noise. After repeated pairings of a light with the loud noise, the rat freezes at the light alone. In this scenario, what is the conditioned stimulus (CS)?

Accepted Answer

The light.

Question 4

Which of the following is the most general term in the hierarchy of learning concepts?

Accepted Answer

Learning

Question 5

During the acquisition phase of classical conditioning, for strongest learning, the neutral stimulus should:

Accepted Answer

Precede the unconditioned stimulus.

Question 6

Which of the following accurately describes the unconditioned stimulus (US) in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A stimulus that naturally elicits a reflexive response.

Question 7

In higher-order conditioning, a new neutral stimulus is paired with:

Accepted Answer

A conditioned stimulus.

Question 8

A cat runs to the kitchen every time it hears kibble being poured. Over time, it also begins to run to the kitchen anytime someone pours cereal. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Stimulus generalization.

Question 9

As stimulus discrimination increases, stimulus generalization:

Accepted Answer

Decreases.

Question 10

Which of the following situations is an example of extinction?

Accepted Answer

Your dog stops running to the door when you put on sneakers because you wear them all day.

Question 11

After extinction, a conditioned response may reappear when the conditioned stimulus is presented again after some time. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous recovery.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding stimulus generalization and discrimination?

Accepted Answer

In stimulus discrimination, a similar stimulus will NOT elicit the conditioned response.

Question 13

In classical conditioning, what is the correct sequence for higher-order conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Original conditioned response is established → Acquisition – pairing the new NS and CS → New stimulus elicits conditioned response.

Question 14

Which of the following is a common misconception about classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning is a simple association.

Question 15

A sheepdog is trained to respond to three distinct whistle calls, each signaling a different task. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Stimulus discrimination.

Question 16

Which formula best represents the relationship between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and conditioned response (CR) in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{CS} ightarrow 	ext{CR}$$

Question 17

Which of the following factors can make extinction harder to achieve in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Biological preparedness, such as conditioned taste aversion.

Question 18

In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned response (UR)?

Accepted Answer

A reflexive response produced by the US.

Question 19

Which of the following best illustrates stimulus generalization in a real-world scenario?

Accepted Answer

A dog salivates to any bell sound after being conditioned to one specific bell.

Question 20

Which equation represents the elimination of a learned response during extinction?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{CS} ightarrow 	ext{No CR}$$

Classical Conditioning: Principles and Applications (Ch. 6 Learning)

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