Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between Plato’s and Aristotle’s views on the origins of knowledge?

Accepted Answer

Plato believed knowledge is innate and comes from reason, while Aristotle believed knowledge comes from sensory experience.

Question 2

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of dualism as proposed by Descartes?

Accepted Answer

A philosopher argues that the mind and body are separate entities, with the mind controlling the body.

Question 3

Which psychologist is considered the 'father of psychology' and established the first psychology laboratory?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 4

A researcher wants to study the effect of sleep deprivation on test performance. In this experiment, what is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

Amount of sleep deprivation

Question 5

Which of the following best describes an operational definition?

Accepted Answer

A specific statement of the procedures used to measure or define research variables.

Question 6

If a correlation coefficient is $r = -0.85$, what does this indicate about the relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

There is a strong negative relationship.

Question 7

Which research design allows scientists to determine causality between variables?

Accepted Answer

Experimental design

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Controlling hunger, thirst, and body temperature

Question 9

A split-brain patient is shown an object in their left visual field. Which part of the brain processes this information, and why might the patient have difficulty naming the object?

Accepted Answer

Right hemisphere; language centers are typically in the left hemisphere

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter is most directly associated with mood regulation, and which common drug increases its availability in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Question 11

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is primarily responsible for processing auditory information?

Accepted Answer

Temporal lobe

Question 12

A drug that blocks the action of a neurotransmitter is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

Antagonist

Question 13

Which of the following best illustrates selective attention?

Accepted Answer

Failing to notice a clown walking by while focused on a phone conversation

Question 14

Which stage of sleep is most closely associated with vivid dreaming?

Accepted Answer

REM sleep

Question 15

According to the activation synthesis model, dreams are:

Accepted Answer

Random neural activity that the brain attempts to make sense of

Question 16

Which of the following is a myth about hypnosis?

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis can force people to act against their will

Question 17

Which principle from the Belmont Report requires researchers to maximize benefits and minimize harm to participants?

Accepted Answer

Beneficence

Question 18

A person who cannot fall asleep for several hours each night but does not fall asleep suddenly during the day is most likely experiencing:

Accepted Answer

Insomnia

Question 19

Which of the following best distinguishes the endocrine system from the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system uses hormones for slower, longer-lasting communication; the nervous system uses electrical impulses for rapid communication.

Question 20

A psychologist is interested in studying a rare brain disorder by closely observing one patient over several years. Which research method is being used?

Accepted Answer

Case study

Exam 1 Study Guide: Psychology Chapters 1-4 (Intro, Research, Biopsychology, Consciousness)

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