Question 1

Which of the following best describes the scientific method as used in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A process of collecting observations, developing theories, and using them to make predictions.

Question 2

According to the biopsychosocial model, which of the following is NOT one of the three main interacting perspectives that influence behavior?

Accepted Answer

Spiritual factors

Question 3

A researcher proposes the hypothesis: 'All swans are white.' According to the scientific method, what makes this a testable hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

It can be proven false by observing a non-white swan.

Question 4

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of empiricism in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Knowledge comes through experience and observation.

Question 5

Galen’s theory of the four temperaments included all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Irritable (green bile)

Question 6

Which of the following statements about structuralism is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It aimed to analyze conscious experience by breaking it down into basic elements.

Question 7

According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, which of the following behaviors is most likely to be passed on to future generations?

Accepted Answer

Behaviors that increase an organism’s chances of survival and reproduction.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the main focus of behaviorism?

Accepted Answer

Studying only observable behavior and the effects of rewards and punishments.

Question 9

A child develops a fear of dogs after being bitten by one. According to classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned stimulus (US) in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

The dog bite

Question 10

Which of the following is a key difference between structuralism and Gestalt psychology?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism focuses on breaking down experience into parts, while Gestalt psychology emphasizes the whole of perception.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the main idea behind Freud’s psychoanalytic approach?

Accepted Answer

Unconscious motives and early childhood experiences influence behavior and personality.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of scientific literacy in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Applying scientific information to improve theories and address real-world issues.

Question 13

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of localization of brain function?

Accepted Answer

Certain parts of the brain control specific mental abilities and personality characteristics.

Question 14

According to Donald Hebb’s research, what happens in the brain when you learn something new?

Accepted Answer

New neural pathways are laid down in the brain.

Question 15

Which of the following is a key principle of humanistic psychology?

Accepted Answer

Each person has freedom to act and is fundamentally different from other animals.

Question 16

A psychologist is studying how cultural expectations influence conformity in groups. Which subfield of psychology does this research best represent?

Accepted Answer

Social psychology

Question 17

Which of the following statements about B.F. Skinner’s approach to behaviorism is correct?

Accepted Answer

Behavior is shaped by rewards and punishments.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the main contribution of functionalism to psychology?

Accepted Answer

It emphasized the purpose and function of behavior and conscious experience.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a falsifiable hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

$$\text{All swans are white}$$

Question 20

A psychologist uses fMRI to study how the brain responds to emotional faces. This research is an example of which area of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive neuroscience

Foundations and Major Perspectives in Psychology

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