$$\text{Careful observation} \rightarrow \text{Make predictions} \rightarrow \text{Test predictions}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the biopsychosocial model in psychology?

Accepted Answer

It explains behaviour as the result of interacting biological, psychological, and social factors.

Question 2

Which of the following is a key requirement for a scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

It must be observable, measurable, and falsifiable.

Question 3

A psychologist wants to test if listening to music improves memory in university students. Which step of the scientific method is this?

Accepted Answer

Making a testable prediction (hypothesis)

Question 4

Which historical figure is credited with opening the first psychology laboratory, marking the formal beginning of psychology as a science?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning as described by Pavlov?

Accepted Answer

A dog salivates when it hears a bell that has been repeatedly paired with food.

Question 6

According to the scientific method, what is the correct sequence of steps?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Careful observation} ightarrow 	ext{Make predictions} ightarrow 	ext{Test predictions}$$

Question 7

Which school of thought in psychology focused on breaking down mental processes into their most basic elements?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism

Question 8

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

A person feels tension when their actions do not match their beliefs, motivating them to change either their attitude or behaviour.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a habit of critical thinkers?

Accepted Answer

Accepting claims without question

Question 10

Which approach in psychology emphasizes the importance of rewards and punishments in shaping behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Behaviourism

Question 11

A psychologist is interested in how cultural background influences attitudes toward mental health. Which perspective is most relevant?

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural

Question 12

Which of the following statements about scientific theories is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A theory is an evidence-based explanation that brings together many findings and generates new hypotheses.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes empiricism in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Knowledge comes from observation and experience.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of applying the biopsychosocial model to a real-life scenario?

Accepted Answer

Explaining depression by considering brain chemistry, negative thinking patterns, and social isolation.

Question 15

Which psychologist is most closely associated with the concept 'cells that fire together, wire together'?

Accepted Answer

Donald Hebb

Question 16

A researcher claims that 'people are less likely to help if others are around.' According to the scientific method, what is the next step?

Accepted Answer

Test the prediction through observation or experiment.

Question 17

Which of the following is a major criticism of Sir Francis Galton's work on heredity?

Accepted Answer

He ignored environmental influences and promoted eugenics.

Question 18

Which of the following best illustrates the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a testable prediction, while a theory is a broad explanation that generates hypotheses.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of critical thinking in evaluating a news article about a new psychological treatment?

Accepted Answer

Checking the source, considering alternative explanations, and evaluating the evidence.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world application of positive psychology?

Accepted Answer

Promoting self-acceptance, improving relationships, and increasing happiness and fulfillment.

Introduction to Psychological Science: Foundations, Methods, and Perspectives

Study Guide - Practice Questions