Question 1

Refer to the EEG waveforms shown in the first image. Which sleep stage is characterized by the presence of sleep spindles, and what is the functional significance of these spindles?

Accepted Answer

Stage 2; they are thought to play a role in memory consolidation and protecting sleep from external disturbances.

Question 2

Based on the synapse diagram in the second image, how does cocaine affect neurotransmission in the brain?

Accepted Answer

It blocks dopamine reuptake, increasing dopamine levels in the synaptic cleft.

Question 3

According to the three-box model of memory shown in the third image, what is the primary function of the sensory register?

Accepted Answer

To briefly retain sensory information until it can be processed further.

Question 4

The semantic network in the fourth image best illustrates which concept from cognitive psychology?

Accepted Answer

Spreading activation

Question 5

In the long-term memory diagram (fifth image), which type of memory would be most involved when recalling your wedding day?

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory

Question 6

The serial-position curve (sixth image) demonstrates that people are most likely to remember items from which parts of a list?

Accepted Answer

The beginning and end

Question 7

According to the table of brain areas and memory functions (seventh image), which brain structure is most critical for the formation of long-term explicit memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 8

The graph comparing self-discipline and IQ (eighth image) suggests which of the following about academic performance?

Accepted Answer

Self-discipline is a stronger predictor of grades than IQ.

Question 9

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (ninth image) suggests that which of the following must be satisfied before esteem needs become a primary motivator?

Accepted Answer

Physiological, safety, and belongingness/love needs

Question 10

The happiness rating graph (tenth image) demonstrates which psychological phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

People tend to overestimate the impact of desirable and undesirable events on their future happiness.

Question 11

The age-related cognitive abilities graph (eleventh image) shows that which type of intelligence tends to decline most with age?

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence

Question 12

Based on the table comparing intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (twelfth image), which of the following is an example of intrinsic motivation?

Accepted Answer

Reading psychology because you find it fun

Question 13

The bar graph showing caloric intake (thirteenth image) suggests what about the effect of watching TV while eating?

Accepted Answer

Watching TV increases caloric intake compared to listening to music.

Question 14

The pie chart on attraction (fourteenth image) suggests which of the following about what people report attracts them most?

Accepted Answer

Personality traits and physical characteristics are nearly equally important.

Question 15

Which sleep stage, as shown in the EEG image, is most associated with vivid dreaming and muscle atonia?

Accepted Answer

REM

Question 16

If a person is able to ride a bicycle but cannot recall facts about their childhood, which type of memory is preserved according to the long-term memory diagram?

Accepted Answer

Procedural memory

Question 17

According to the brain area table, which structure is most involved in the formation and retention of simple classically conditioned responses?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the primacy effect as shown in the serial-position curve?

Accepted Answer

Better recall for items at the beginning of a list

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why people may eat more when watching TV, as shown in the caloric intake graph?

Accepted Answer

TV acts as a distraction, reducing attention to internal cues of fullness.

Question 20

Based on the memory model diagram, what is the most likely outcome if information is not rehearsed in working memory?

Accepted Answer

It is forgotten.

Introduction to Psychology: Consciousness, Learning, Memory, Thinking, Motivation, and Emotion

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