Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between structuralism and functionalism in early psychology?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism aimed to identify the basic elements of consciousness, while functionalism emphasized the purpose of mental processes.

Question 2

A psychologist wants to study the effect of a new teaching method on student performance. She randomly assigns students to two groups: one uses the new method, and the other uses the traditional method. At the end of the semester, she compares their test scores. In this experiment, what is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

The type of teaching method used

Question 3

Which research method would be most appropriate for studying a rare psychological disorder in depth over several years?

Accepted Answer

Case study

Question 4

A researcher finds a correlation coefficient of $$r = -0.85$$ between hours spent watching TV and exam scores. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

There is a strong negative relationship between TV watching and exam scores.

Question 5

Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Question 6

If a person has damage to their occipital lobe, which function is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Vision

Question 7

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of sensory adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Noticing the smell of cookies when you first enter a bakery, but not after 10 minutes.

Question 8

According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, which combination of cones allows us to perceive the color yellow?

Accepted Answer

Equal stimulation of red and green cones

Question 9

A person is able to see objects clearly when they are close but has difficulty seeing distant objects. Which part of the eye is most likely not functioning properly?

Accepted Answer

Lens

Question 10

Which sleep disorder is characterized by sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep during the day?

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy

Question 11

A person who suddenly stops using a drug experiences headaches, irritability, and fatigue. These symptoms are best described as:

Accepted Answer

Withdrawal

Question 12

Which of the following drugs is classified as a depressant?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol

Question 13

In classical conditioning, what is the term for a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response?

Accepted Answer

Unconditioned stimulus

Question 14

A child receives praise for cleaning their room, which increases the likelihood they will clean their room again. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement

Question 15

Which of the following best describes latent learning?

Accepted Answer

Learning that occurs without reinforcement and is not immediately demonstrated

Question 16

In the 1965 Bobo Doll experiment, Albert Bandura demonstrated that children:

Accepted Answer

Learned aggressive behaviors by observing adults

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a monocular cue for depth perception?

Accepted Answer

Linear perspective

Question 18

If identical twins are raised apart but show similar intelligence levels, this provides evidence for which concept?

Accepted Answer

The influence of genetics on behavior

Question 19

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of perceptual constancy?

Accepted Answer

A door appears rectangular whether it is open or closed.

Question 20

A person meditates regularly and experiences decreased heart rate and slower breathing. These physiological changes are most likely due to activation of which system?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic nervous system

Introduction to Psychology: Exam #1 Study Guide (Chapters 1-5)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards