Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main focus of Structuralism as developed by Wilhelm Wundt and E.B. Titchener?

Accepted Answer

Studying the structure and parts of the mind through introspection.

Question 2

According to Functionalism, as proposed by William James, what is the primary reason for studying mental processes?

Accepted Answer

To understand how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environment.

Question 3

Which concept is central to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

Accepted Answer

The unconscious mind influences behavior.

Question 4

John B. Watson argued that psychology should focus on:

Accepted Answer

Observable behavior that can be studied objectively.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning as described by B.F. Skinner?

Accepted Answer

A student receives extra credit for turning in homework on time, increasing the likelihood they will do so again.

Question 6

Cognitivism, as developed by Jean Piaget and Ulric Neisser, emphasizes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Mental processes such as thinking, memory, and problem-solving.

Question 7

Why can't we always trust common sense according to the concept of naive realism?

Accepted Answer

Our senses can be misleading, so what we see is not always how things truly are.

Question 8

Which statement about the scientific method is correct?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis must be falsifiable, meaning it can be proven false if wrong.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of confirmation bias?

Accepted Answer

A detective only looks for evidence that supports their initial suspect.

Question 10

What is belief perseverance?

Accepted Answer

Sticking to one's original belief even when proven wrong.

Question 11

Which of the following is a warning sign of pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

Making big claims without proof.

Question 12

According to Terror Management Theory, why do people seek comfort in their beliefs?

Accepted Answer

To cope with the fear of death and find meaning and purpose.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a branch of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Experimental Physics

Question 14

What is the main difference between population and sample in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Population is the entire group of interest, while sample is the smaller group actually studied.

Question 15

Why is random selection important in psychological studies?

Accepted Answer

It helps make the sample representative of the population.

Question 16

Which of the following is a disadvantage of naturalistic observation?

Accepted Answer

Cannot determine cause and effect.

Question 17

A case study is most useful for:

Accepted Answer

Studying rare, unusual, or noteworthy phenomena.

Question 18

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of falsifiability in scientific research?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{All swans are black}$$ can be disproved by finding one white swan.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of an emotional reasoning fallacy?

Accepted Answer

"It feels wrong, so it must be false."

Question 20

A researcher wants to measure stress levels in university students. Which step is necessary to ensure the concept is operationally defined?

Accepted Answer

Translating 'stress' into specific testable procedures, such as measuring cortisol levels.

Introduction to Psychology: Foundations, Methods, and Critical Thinking

Study Guide - Practice Questions