Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main focus of Structuralism as developed by Wilhelm Wundt and E.B. Titchener?

Accepted Answer

Examining the structure and parts of the mind through introspection.

Question 2

According to William James and the school of Functionalism, what is the primary purpose of mental processes?

Accepted Answer

To help individuals adapt to their environment.

Question 3

Sigmund Freud believed that many psychological problems stem from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The unconscious mind.

Question 4

Which of the following is a key difference between Behaviourism and Cognitivism?

Accepted Answer

Behaviourism studies observable behavior, while Cognitivism studies thinking, memory, and problem-solving.

Question 5

A psychologist is conducting an experiment to test the hypothesis: 'The more people at an accident, the longer it takes for someone to help.' Which scientific principle is being applied here?

Accepted Answer

Falsifiability

Question 6

Which of the following statements about theories and hypotheses is correct?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a testable prediction that can be observed and measured.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of confirmation bias?

Accepted Answer

Looking only for evidence that supports your existing belief and ignoring evidence that contradicts it.

Question 8

A person continues to believe in a claim even after it has been disproven by scientific evidence. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Belief perseverance

Question 9

Which of the following is a warning sign of pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

It relies on anecdotes instead of systematic evidence.

Question 10

A friend tells you that a certain energy healing technique works because it 'feels right' to them, despite a lack of scientific evidence. Which logical fallacy are they demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

Emotional reasoning fallacy

Question 11

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of opportunity cost as a danger of pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

Spending time and money on a fake cure instead of real medicine.

Question 12

Which branch of psychology is most likely to study how people interact and form relationships?

Accepted Answer

Social/Personality Psychology

Question 13

A scientist wants to test whether a new therapy reduces anxiety. She randomly assigns participants to receive either the new therapy or a placebo, then measures their anxiety levels. Which type of psychology is she practicing?

Accepted Answer

Experimental Psychology

Question 14

Which of the following is a key step in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Formulating an explanation or hypothesis.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between basic and applied research in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Basic research studies how the mind works, while applied research uses research to improve daily life.

Question 16

A hypothesis must be which of the following to be considered scientific?

Accepted Answer

Specific enough to be proven false if wrong.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a falsifiable hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{All swans are black}$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the concept of naive realism?

Accepted Answer

The belief that what we see is exactly how things are.

Question 19

A person believes that a certain alternative medicine works because many people use it, even though there is no scientific evidence. Which fallacy are they committing?

Accepted Answer

Bandwagon fallacy

Question 20

Which of the following is a recommended antidote to pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

Thinking scientifically and looking for real evidence.

Introduction to Psychology: Key Concepts, Methods, and Approaches

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