Question 1

Which theoretical perspective in psychology focuses on understanding the structure and characteristics of the mind through introspection?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism

Question 2

According to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which of the following is most responsible for unconscious conflicts that affect behavior?

Accepted Answer

Early childhood experiences

Question 3

John B. Watson, a founder of behaviorism, believed that:

Accepted Answer

Objective analysis of the mind was impossible

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the scientific method in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Collecting observations, developing theories, and using them to make predictions

Question 5

A hypothesis must be falsifiable. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

It must be possible to prove the hypothesis wrong

Question 6

Which bias involves seeking out evidence that supports our hypothesis while neglecting or distorting contrary evidence?

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias

Question 7

A researcher wants to study the relationship between texting speed and aggression. Which type of research design is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Correlational design

Question 8

Which of the following is a disadvantage of naturalistic observation?

Accepted Answer

Cannot draw cause and effect conclusions

Question 9

In an experiment, the variable that is manipulated by the researcher is called the:

Accepted Answer

Independent variable

Question 10

A psychologist uses a 7-point Likert scale to measure how much a person likes cats. If the scale actually measures what it is intended to, it is said to have:

Accepted Answer

High validity

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a third variable problem in correlational research?

Accepted Answer

A hidden factor influences both variables, creating a false association

Question 12

Which ethical guideline in human research ensures that participants are aware of the study's purpose and risks before participating?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Question 13

A researcher finds that the correlation coefficient between two variables is $$r = -0.85. $$What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

A strong negative relationship between the variables

Question 14

Which of the following is a common logical fallacy found in pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

Emotional reasoning fallacy

Question 15

In the Stanford marshmallow experiment, what was the main finding regarding delayed gratification?

Accepted Answer

Children who delayed gratification had better later-life outcomes

Question 16

Which method involves collecting detailed descriptive accounts of behavior, history, and other factors from a single person or setting?

Accepted Answer

Case study

Question 17

A researcher wants to ensure that every person in a population has an equal chance of being selected for a study. Which sampling method should they use?

Accepted Answer

Random selection

Question 18

Which of the following best describes belief perseverance?

Accepted Answer

Tendency to stick to our initial belief even when evidence is contradictory

Question 19

Which of the following is a disadvantage of self-report methods?

Accepted Answer

Social desirability bias

Question 20

If a measure is reliable but not valid, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The measure produces consistent results but does not measure what it claims to

Introduction to Psychology: Theoretical Perspectives, Scientific Methods, and Research Approaches

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