Question 1

Which of the following best describes a phoneme in language development?

Accepted Answer

A category of sound produced by our vocal apparatus

Question 2

A child says, 'He runned fast' instead of 'He ran fast.' This is an example of which language development phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Overgeneralization

Question 3

According to the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis (linguistic relativity), which of the following is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

The language we speak influences how we think, understand, and perceive the world.

Question 4

Which of the following best illustrates the representativeness heuristic?

Accepted Answer

Judging someone's guilt based on how closely they match a stereotype of a criminal

Question 5

A judge gives a harsher sentence after hearing the prosecutor recommend a long sentence. This is an example of which heuristic?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring heuristic

Question 6

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of the availability heuristic?

Accepted Answer

People overestimate the frequency of plane crashes after seeing news coverage of a crash.

Question 7

A child is born with the ability to recognize all phonemes but later loses the ability to distinguish those not used in their native language. This process is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Phonemic specialization

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the critical period for language acquisition is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proficiency at acquiring language is maximal early in life.

Question 9

The Guugu Yimithirr language does not have words for 'left' or 'right.' Instead, it uses:

Accepted Answer

Cardinal directions (north, east, south, west)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between an algorithm and a heuristic in problem solving?

Accepted Answer

An algorithm is a rule that guarantees a solution if applied correctly, while a heuristic is a general problem-solving framework that may not always lead to the correct answer.

Question 11

Which cognitive bias is most likely to occur when someone insists they 'knew it all along' after an event has happened?

Accepted Answer

Hindsight bias

Question 12

A consumer who evaluates every possible option before making a purchase is best described as a:

Accepted Answer

Maximizer

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of the framing effect in medical decision-making?

Accepted Answer

A patient is more likely to choose a surgery described as having a 90% survival rate than one described as having a 10% mortality rate.

Question 14

Which of the following best illustrates confirmation bias?

Accepted Answer

A person only seeks out news sources that support their political beliefs.

Question 15

Which of the following is a potential downside of using heuristics in high-stakes situations?

Accepted Answer

Heuristics can lead to costly errors and reinforce stereotypes.

Question 16

A child says 'I show book' instead of 'I am showing the book.' This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Telegraphic speech

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the interactionist approach to language acquisition?

Accepted Answer

Children are pre-programmed with hardware but develop language through exposure and interaction with their environment.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of functional fixedness?

Accepted Answer

Failing to realize a paperclip can be used to unlock a door

Question 19

Which of the following is true about bilingualism and language acquisition?

Accepted Answer

Earlier exposure to a second language leads to higher proficiency.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a morpheme?

Accepted Answer

The smallest unit of meaning in a language

Language, Thinking, and Reasoning: Foundations and Applications in Psychology

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