Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between explicit and implicit memory?

Accepted Answer

Explicit memory involves intentional, conscious recollection of information, while implicit memory refers to automatic, unconscious retention of skills and procedures.

Question 2

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, which sequence correctly represents the flow of information through the memory system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory register $\rightarrow$ Short-term memory $\rightarrow$ Long-term memory

Question 3

A patient with damage to the hippocampus is most likely to experience which type of amnesia?

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia, characterized by the inability to form new explicit memories after the injury

Question 4

Which study strategy is most effective for increasing long-term retention of information according to research by Roediger?

Accepted Answer

Distributed practice that includes testing oneself with questions about the material

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the phenomenon of infantile amnesia?

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is one of the last brain areas to develop, making explicit memory storage difficult in early years

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a mnemonic device?

Accepted Answer

Using imagery or a story to connect new information to existing memories

Question 7

A researcher gives a child a list of words and later asks them to recall the words without any hints. Which type of memory retrieval is being tested?

Accepted Answer

Recall

Question 8

Which brain structure is primarily involved in storing procedural memories and motor skills?

Accepted Answer

Basal ganglia

Question 9

Which of the following best illustrates the serial position effect?

Accepted Answer

Remembering the first and last items in a grocery list better than the middle items

Question 10

Which of the following strategies is LEAST likely to improve working memory performance in children?

Accepted Answer

Ignoring rehearsal and relying solely on passive exposure to information

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic of autobiographical memory that increases the likelihood of an event being recalled?

Accepted Answer

Personal significance, emotional intensity, and uniqueness of the event

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of priming in memory?

Accepted Answer

Priming is an unconscious process that influences thoughts and behaviors by activating associations in memory

Question 13

Which developmental change is most responsible for improvements in children's memory performance?

Accepted Answer

Increased use of effective memory strategies such as rehearsal and organization

Question 14

Which method is commonly used to assess explicit memory in infants?

Accepted Answer

Deferred imitation, where infants imitate a novel act after a delay

Question 15

Which of the following is true about working memory capacity according to Miller's research?

Accepted Answer

The average person can hold about 7 digits, 6 letters, or 5 words in working memory

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a memory script?

Accepted Answer

A general event representation that guides future behaviors in similar settings

Question 17

Which factor is most likely to impede memory performance in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Declines in operating speed and efficiency of working memory

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of someone with expertise compared to a novice?

Accepted Answer

Experts have more elaborate and organized knowledge structures in their domain

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of chunking as a memory strategy?

Accepted Answer

Breaking a long string of numbers into smaller groups, such as a credit card number into four-digit segments

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why older adults may compensate for declines in memory and problem-solving ability?

Accepted Answer

They rely more on expertise, use external aids, and adapt strategies to maintain performance

Memory and Learning Across the Life Span: Key Concepts and Developmental Changes

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