Question 1

According to Maccoby and Martin’s four parenting styles, which style is characterized by high responsiveness and high demandingness, and is most consistently associated with positive developmental outcomes across diverse groups?

Accepted Answer

Authoritative

Question 2

Jay Belsky’s process model of parenting highlights three main contexts that influence parenting. Which of the following is NOT one of these contexts?

Accepted Answer

Societal laws and policies

Question 3

Which of the following statements best describes the impact of physical punishment as a form of power assertion on children’s development?

Accepted Answer

It increases children’s risk of developing aggressive behavior.

Question 4

During the COVID-19 quarantine, which change in parenting style was observed, and what was its effect on children?

Accepted Answer

Increase in authoritarian parenting, leading to higher anxiety

Question 5

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the percentage of children in two-parent homes ($$P_{2p}$$), single-parent homes ($$P_{sp}$$), and homes with no parents ($$P_{np}) in a $$given country, assuming these are the only categories?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{2p} + P_{sp} + P_{np} = 100$$

Question 6

Which family structure is most likely to experience food insecurity, according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Single-mother families

Question 7

A researcher finds that teenagers from authoritative families show more self-reliance and less delinquency. Which of the following best explains this finding?

Accepted Answer

Authoritative parenting combines high expectations with emotional support, fostering independence and self-control.

Question 8

Which of the following is a likely reason for the higher incidence of single-parent families among Black households in the U.S., as discussed in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Lack of economic opportunity for Black men

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the risk-resilience approach to understanding the effects of family structure and divorce on children?

Accepted Answer

Parenting style is more significant than family disruption in determining child outcomes.

Question 10

A child is raised by custodial grandparents. According to the study materials, which of the following is a unique concern for these grandparents?

Accepted Answer

Worrying about what will happen to the child if they die before the child reaches adulthood

Question 11

Which of the following is a common feature of multigenerational households in the U.S.?

Accepted Answer

They are more common among immigrant families and those experiencing economic hardship.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the effect of divorce on children’s behavior, according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Divorce is traumatic, but negative factors may have been present before the divorce.

Question 13

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for parents to help children cope with the risk factors associated with divorce?

Accepted Answer

Including children in pre-divorce counseling

Question 14

Which of the following is true about families headed by same-sex couples, based on the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Few studies have found significant differences in child outcomes compared to other family types.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the phenomenon of play in early childhood, according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Play is the predominant form of behavior and helps children learn social skills.

Question 16

A parent uses inductive discipline to help their preschooler gain control of their behavior. According to the study materials, which parenting style is this parent most likely using?

Accepted Answer

Authoritative

Question 17

Which of the following is a plausible reason why authoritarian parenting may be more common among Asian American families, as discussed in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

It helps children succeed economically and maintain a sense of ethnic identity.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between race, ethnicity, and family structure in the U.S.?

Accepted Answer

Some groups are more likely to be headed by single parents, but statistics alone cannot explain why.

Parenting Styles, Family Structure, and Child Development: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards