Question 1

According to Gordon Allport's trait theory, which type of trait is most likely to direct most of a person's activities and is considered a defining feature of their personality?

Accepted Answer

Cardinal trait

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?

Accepted Answer

Honesty-Humility

Question 3

A person who is described as sociable, outgoing, and enjoys being around others would score high on which Big Five trait?

Accepted Answer

Extraversion

Question 4

In the HEXACO model, what does a low score on Honesty-Humility indicate?

Accepted Answer

Strong tendency to manipulate others and break rules

Question 5

Which principle states that as people age, they tend to become more dominant, agreeable, conscientious, and emotionally stable?

Accepted Answer

Maturity principle

Question 6

According to behaviourist perspectives, what is the primary cause of similarities in personality between individuals?

Accepted Answer

Patterns of reinforcement

Question 7

Bandura's concept of reciprocal determinism emphasizes the interaction between which three factors?

Accepted Answer

Behaviour, cognition, and environment

Question 8

A student who believes they can succeed in a difficult math exam is demonstrating which concept?

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy

Question 9

Which of the following is most valued in collectivist cultures?

Accepted Answer

Social harmony and group needs

Question 10

The Minnesota twin study found that identical twins raised in different households were:

Accepted Answer

More similar to each other than to non-twin siblings

Question 11

According to Freud, which component of personality operates on the pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification?

Accepted Answer

Id

Question 12

A person who, under stress, begins to act childishly and seeks comfort from their parents is likely using which defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Regression

Question 13

Which psychosexual stage is associated with pleasure from retention or expulsion and can result in either messy or obsessively clean behaviors if fixated?

Accepted Answer

Anal stage

Question 14

Carl Jung introduced which important personality dimension?

Accepted Answer

Introversion vs. extraversion

Question 15

According to research, birth order has a lasting impact on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Intelligence

Question 16

Which personality assessment is most commonly used in clinical settings to identify psychological difficulties?

Accepted Answer

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2)

Question 17

A person who derives pleasure from inflicting pain or humiliation on others is most likely exhibiting traits associated with which concept?

Accepted Answer

Sadism

Question 18

Which of the following is a common characteristic of individuals high in psychopathy?

Accepted Answer

High thrill-seeking

Question 19

Which defense mechanism involves attributing one's own unacceptable impulses to others?

Accepted Answer

Projection

Question 20

According to Carl Rogers, what is necessary to overcome the anxiety and dissatisfaction caused by the discrepancy between the 'ideal self' and 'true self'?

Accepted Answer

Unconditional positive regard

Personality: Theories, Traits, and Assessment in Psychology

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