Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'extinction' in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A dog stops salivating to a bell after the bell is repeatedly presented without food.

Question 2

In operant conditioning, which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A student is excused from homework after turning in all assignments on time.

Question 3

According to Piaget, which stage is characterized by the development of object permanence?

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor stage

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the Yerkes-Dodson law?

Accepted Answer

Performance increases with arousal up to a point, then decreases as arousal continues to rise.

Question 5

A child observes an adult being rewarded for aggressive behavior and later imitates that behavior. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Observational learning

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of Gardner's multiple intelligences?

Accepted Answer

Emotional intelligence

Question 7

According to Kohlberg, which level of moral development is characterized by obedience to avoid punishment?

Accepted Answer

Preconventional level

Question 8

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'discrimination' in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A dog salivates only to a specific bell tone and not to other tones.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

Money

Question 10

A person is more likely to remember information if they relate it to their own experiences. This is an example of which memory process?

Accepted Answer

Elaborative encoding

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the 'overjustification effect'?

Accepted Answer

Receiving external rewards for an activity can reduce intrinsic motivation.

Question 12

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need must be satisfied before esteem needs?

Accepted Answer

Safety needs

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of 'generalization' in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A child who is bitten by a dog becomes afraid of all dogs.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes 'spontaneous recovery'?

Accepted Answer

The reappearance of a conditioned response after a period of extinction.

Question 15

Which of the following is a key difference between primary and secondary reinforcers?

Accepted Answer

Primary reinforcers satisfy biological needs, while secondary reinforcers are learned.

Question 16

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'mirror neurons'?

Accepted Answer

A person feels pain when they see someone else get hurt.

Question 17

According to Erikson, which stage involves the conflict of 'identity vs. role confusion'?

Accepted Answer

Adolescence

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of 'retrieval failure'?

Accepted Answer

Being unable to recall a friend's name during a conversation, but remembering it later.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the 'triarchic theory of intelligence'?

Accepted Answer

Intelligence consists of analytical, creative, and practical components.

Question 20

A child who is able to think logically about concrete events but not abstract concepts is in which of Piaget's stages?

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational stage

Psychology Exam #2 Study Guide: Key Theories, Terms, and Concepts

Study Guide - Practice Questions